Question 1

All the following lung lesions have been linked to asbestos exposure except:&#10;A) Bronchial asthma&#10;B) Pulmonary fibrosis&#10;C) Pleural fibrosis and plaques&#10;D) Lung cancer&#10;E) Mesothelioma

Accepted Answer

While asbestos exposure has been linked to various lung lesions and diseases, bronchial asthma is not one of them. Asbestos exposure is primarily linked to pulmonary fibrosis, pleural fibrosis and plaques, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.

Question 2

The most common of all the infections of the respiratory tract is:&#10;A) Upper respiratory infection&#10;B) Laryngitis&#10;C) Tracheitis&#10;D) Pneumonia&#10;E) Pleuritis

Accepted Answer

Upper respiratory infection is the most common infection of the respiratory tract, which includes the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. It is usually caused by a viral infection and can lead to symptoms like cough, runny nose, sore throat, and fever.

Question 3

Bronchiolitis of children is in most instances caused by:&#10;A) Bacteria&#10;B) Viruses&#10;C) Fungi&#10;D) Parasites&#10;E) Pneumocystis carinii

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis of children is most commonly caused by viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bacteria, fungi, parasites, and Pneumocystis carinii are not typically the cause of bronchiolitis in children.

Question 4

The most important cause of emphysema is:&#10;A) Cigarette smoking&#10;B) Air pollution in the cities&#10;C) Tuberculosis&#10;D) AIDS&#10;E) Asthma

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking is the most important cause of emphysema. It damages the air sacs in the lungs, leading to the development of emphysema. Other causes, such as air pollution and respiratory infections, can contribute to the development of emphysema, but smoking is the primary factor.

Question 5

The most common presenting symptom of lung cancer is:&#10;A) Prolonged coughing and expectoration&#10;B) Bleeding&#10;C) Chest pain&#10;D) Pleural effusion&#10;E) Hoarseness due to nerve paralysis

Accepted Answer

Prolonged coughing and expectoration is the most common presenting symptom of lung cancer. Other symptoms may include chest pain, weight loss, hoarseness, and shortness of breath, but they are less common. Bleeding and pleural effusion are also possible symptoms, but they occur in later stages of the disease.

Question 6

Fibrin-rich hyaline membranes and protein-rich intra-alveolar edema are features of:&#10;A) Atelectasis&#10;B) Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)&#10;C) Emphysema&#10;D) Bronchiectasis&#10;E) Aspiration pneumonia

Accepted Answer

Fibrin-rich hyaline membranes and protein-rich intra-alveolar edema are characteristic features of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) seen in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Atelectasis is characterized by collapsed or airless lung tissue, emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls leading to less surface area for gas exchange, bronchiectasis is characterized by dilated and thickened bronchi due to chronic inflammation and infection, and aspiration pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and infection of lung tissue due to inhalation of foreign material into the lungs.

Question 7

The major pulmonary complication of congenital alpha&#8321;-antitrypsin deficiency is:&#10;A) Chronic bronchitis&#10;B) Bronchiectasis&#10;C) Atelectasis&#10;D) Emphysema&#10;E) Mesothelioma

Accepted Answer

The major pulmonary complication of congenital alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency is emphysema. The deficiency of alpha₁-antitrypsin leads to uncontrolled activity of neutrophil elastase, which causes destruction of alveolar walls and leads to the development of emphysema. Chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis can also occur, but they are not the major pulmonary complication. Atelectasis is also possible but not the major concern. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the chest and abdominal cavities and is not related to alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency.

Question 8

Approximately 90% of all patients with lung cancer present with a history of:&#10;A) Alcoholism&#10;B) Hereditary cancer syndromes&#10;C) Cigarette smoking&#10;D) Exposure to chemical carcinogens in food and water&#10;E) Obesity

Accepted Answer

The vast majority of lung cancer cases are caused by cigarette smoking, with approximately 90% of patients having a history of smoking. Other risk factors such as exposure to radon and occupational exposure to carcinogens can also contribute to the development of lung cancer. Alcoholism, hereditary cancer syndromes, exposure to chemical carcinogens in food and water, and obesity are not major risk factors for lung cancer.

Question 9

Pleural tumors are usually associated with:&#10;A) Pneumothorax&#10;B) Hemothorax&#10;C) Pyothorax&#10;D) Pleural effusion&#10;E) Empyema

Accepted Answer

Pleural tumors are most commonly associated with pleural effusion, in which there is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This can be caused by the tumor obstructing lymphatic drainage or blood vessels in the area, causing the fluid buildup. Pneumothorax refers to a collapsed lung, hemothorax is blood in the pleural space, pyothorax is pus in the pleural space, and empyema is a collection of pus within the pleural cavity. While these conditions can also be caused by tumors, they are less frequently associated with pleural tumors than pleural effusion.

Question 10

Attacks of intrinsic asthma may be precipitated by all the following except:&#10;A) Exercise&#10;B) Bronchial infection&#10;C) Aspirin&#10;D) Corticosteroids&#10;E) Psychological stress

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids are commonly used as a treatment for intrinsic asthma, and are not known to cause exacerbations of the condition. Exercise, bronchial infection, aspirin, and psychological stress are all potential triggers for attacks of intrinsic asthma.

Question 11

Miliary tuberculosis is characterized by:&#10;A) Granuloma formation&#10;B) Abscess formation&#10;C) Lobar pneumonia&#10;D) Acute bronchitis&#10;E) Acute bronchiolitis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Miliary tuberculosis is characterized by:&#10;A) Granuloma formation&#10;B)...

Question 12

In lungs affected by sarcoidosis there are numerous granulomas and infiltrates of:&#10;A) T-suppressor lymphocytes&#10;B) T-helper lymphocytes&#10;C) B lymphocytes&#10;D) Eosinophils&#10;E) Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of In lungs affected by sarcoidosis there are...

Question 13

Lung infection that develops in patients who have heart failure and pulmonary edema is called:&#10;A) Interstitial pneumonia&#10;B) Hypostatic pneumonia&#10;C) Bronchiectasis&#10;D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#10;E) Lobar pneumonia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lung infection that develops in patients who...

Question 14

Coal-workers' lung disease is best classified as:&#10;A) Asbestosis&#10;B) Pneumoconiosis&#10;C) Acute hypersensitivity reaction&#10;D) Chronic hypersensitivity reaction&#10;E) Chronic bacterial pneumonitis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coal-workers' lung disease is best classified as:&#10;A)...

Question 15

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection usually causes:&#10;A) Lobar pneumonia&#10;B) Lobular pneumonia&#10;C) Aspiration pneumonia&#10;D) Interstitial pneumonia&#10;E) Abscesses

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection usually causes:&#10;A) Lobar pneumonia&#10;B)...

Deck 8: The Respiratory System