Question 1

Peptic esophagitis is caused by:&#10;A) Exogenous acids in food&#10;B) Spices&#10;C) Viruses&#10;D) Fungi&#10;E) Reflux of gastric juice

Accepted Answer

Peptic esophagitis is caused by the reflux of gastric juice, which is the regurgitation of stomach acid and contents into the esophagus. This can irritate and inflame the lining of the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, chest discomfort, and difficulty swallowing. Exogenous acids in food and spices can exacerbate symptoms, but they do not directly cause peptic esophagitis. Viruses and fungi may cause other types of esophagitis, but not peptic esophagitis.

Question 2

Dental caries begins by the formation of:&#10;A) Pockets of periodontal inflammation&#10;B) Bacterial plaques on the surface of the tooth&#10;C) Periapical granuloma&#10;D) Periapical abscess&#10;E) Radicular cyst

Accepted Answer

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, begins with the formation of bacterial plaques on the surface of the tooth. Plaques are formed when bacteria in the mouth interact with food particles and create a sticky film on the teeth. If this film is not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, the bacteria can start to produce acids that erode the tooth enamel and lead to cavities.

Question 3

All the following are common symptoms and/or complications of duodenal ulcer except:&#10;A) Hematemesis&#10;B) Melena&#10;C) Vomiting&#10;D) Epigastric pain&#10;E) Carcinoma

Accepted Answer

While hematemesis, melena, vomiting, and epigastric pain are all common symptoms of duodenal ulcers, the development of carcinoma is a possible long-term complication, but not a common symptom of duodenal ulcers.

Question 4

Diverticula of the intestine are most often located in the:&#10;A) Jejunum&#10;B) Ileum&#10;C) Cecum&#10;D) Transverse colon&#10;E) Sigmoid colon

Accepted Answer

Diverticula are most commonly found in the sigmoid colon.

Question 5

The most common viral cause of sialadenitis is:&#10;A) Herpesvirus&#10;B) Measles virus&#10;C) Mumps virus&#10;D) Cytomegalovirus&#10;E) Epstein-Barr virus

Accepted Answer

The most common viral cause of sialadenitis is the mumps virus, which causes inflammation of the parotid gland. Other viruses such as herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus may also cause sialadenitis, but they are less common. Measles virus does not typically cause sialadenitis.

Question 6

Atrophic gastritis is characterized by:&#10;A) Xerostomia&#10;B) Achlorhydria&#10;C) Gastric hyperacidity&#10;D) Achalasia&#10;E) Reflux esophagitis

Accepted Answer

Atrophic gastritis is characterized by a decrease or absence of acid secretion in the stomach, also known as achlorhydria. Xerostomia is dry mouth and not specifically associated with atrophic gastritis. Gastric hyperacidity is the opposite of what is expected in atrophic gastritis. Achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus and is not directly related to atrophic gastritis. Reflux esophagitis is a condition in which stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, but it is not a primary characteristic of atrophic gastritis.

Question 7

Bacteriologically sterile peritonitis is a complication of:&#10;A) Ruptured gastric ulcer&#10;B) Gangrene of the large intestine&#10;C) Gonococcal salpingitis&#10;D) Acute pancreatitis&#10;E) Acute appendicitis

Accepted Answer

Bacteriologically sterile peritonitis is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis. In this condition, the peritoneum becomes inflamed without bacterial infection, leading to abdominal pain and fever. It is thought to be caused by the release of inflammatory mediators from the pancreas, which irritate the peritoneum. The other conditions listed typically involve bacterial infection and would not result in a sterile peritonitis.

Question 8

Carcinoma of the oral cavity presenting as a white,slightly elevated plaque is clinically described as:&#10;A) Leukoplakia&#10;B) Erythroplakia&#10;C) Ulcer&#10;D) Crater&#10;E) Nodule

Accepted Answer

Leukoplakia is a clinical term used to describe a white, slightly elevated plaque in the oral cavity that cannot be scraped off or otherwise classified as another disease. It most commonly occurs on the tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, and gingiva, and it is considered a precancerous condition that can potentially develop into a squamous cell carcinoma. Erythroplakia, on the other hand, presents as a red, velvety plaque that also cannot be classified as another disease and is considered a stronger indicator of potential malignancy. Ulcers, craters, and nodules are not specific descriptions of precancerous or cancerous lesions and can have various non-malignant causes.

Question 9

Which of the following diseases causing malabsorption is associated with diagnostic pathologic changes in the intestine?&#10;A) Diabetes&#10;B) Radiation enteritis&#10;C) Pancreatic insufficiency&#10;D) Celiac sprue&#10;E) Intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Accepted Answer

Celiac sprue is associated with characteristic pathologic changes in the small intestine, including villous atrophy and lymphocytic infiltration. The other options do not typically have diagnostic pathologic changes in the intestine.

Question 10

Genetic predisposition to colonic cancer is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in:&#10;A) Hirschsprung's disease&#10;B) Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome&#10;C) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome&#10;D) Colonic diverticulosis&#10;E) Ulcerative colitis

Accepted Answer

Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome is a genetic disorder in which there is a predisposition to develop numerous adenomatous polyps in the colon, which can progress to colon cancer. This trait is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that if one parent carries the mutated gene, there is a 50% chance that each of their offspring will inherit it as well.

Question 11

The most common tumor of the salivary glands is:&#10;A) Pleomorphic adenoma&#10;B) Adenoid cystic carcinoma&#10;C) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma&#10;D) Adenocarcinoma of major ducts&#10;E) Squamous cell carcinoma

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common tumor of the salivary...

Question 12

Approximately 50% of all carcinomas of the intestine develop in the:&#10;A) Rectosigmoid area&#10;B) Descending colon&#10;C) Transverse colon&#10;D) Ascending colon&#10;E) Small intestine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately 50% of all carcinomas of the...

Question 13

Obstructive ileus may be caused by all the following except:&#10;A) Gallstones&#10;B) Fecaliths&#10;C) Volvulus&#10;D) Incarceration of intestinal loops in a hernia sac&#10;E) Spinal cord injury

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obstructive ileus may be caused by all...

Question 14

The best serologic marker of colonic carcinoma is:&#10;A) Alpha-fetoprotein&#10;B) Carcinoembryonic antigen&#10;C) Chorionic gonadotropin&#10;D) Alkaline phosphatase&#10;E) Acid phosphatase

Accepted Answer

The answer of The best serologic marker of colonic carcinoma...

Question 15

The changes typical of Crohn's disease are found most often in the:&#10;A) Anus&#10;B) Rectum&#10;C) Sigmoid colon&#10;D) Transverse colon&#10;E) Terminal ileum

Accepted Answer

The answer of The changes typical of Crohn's disease are...

Question 16

Most malignant tumors of the esophagus are histologically classified as:&#10;A) Adenocarcinoma&#10;B) Transitional cell carcinoma&#10;C) Small-cell carcinoma&#10;D) Squamous cell carcinoma&#10;E) Sarcomas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most malignant tumors of the esophagus are...

Question 17

Most pedunculated colonic neoplastic polyps are classified as:&#10;A) Hyperplastic polyp&#10;B) Juvenile polyp&#10;C) Inflammatory polyp&#10;D) Tubular adenoma&#10;E) Villous adenoma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most pedunculated colonic neoplastic polyps are classified...

Question 18

Crypt abscesses,serpiginous ulcerations,and inflammatory polyps of the large intestine are typical features of:&#10;A) Diverticulosis coli&#10;B) Crohn's disease&#10;C) Ulcerative colitis&#10;D) Pseudomembranous colitis&#10;E) Cholera

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crypt abscesses,serpiginous ulcerations,and inflammatory polyps of the...

Deck 10: The Gastrointestinal System