Question 1

All the following findings are typical of membranous nephropathy except:&#10;A) Proteinuria&#10;B) Pyuria&#10;C) Hypoalbuminemia&#10;D) Edema&#10;E) Deposits of immunoglobulin G in the glomeruli

Accepted Answer

Pyuria, or the presence of white blood cells in the urine, is not typically seen in membranous nephropathy. The other options, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and deposits of immunoglobulin G in the glomeruli, are all characteristic findings of membranous nephropathy.

Question 2

The most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract is:&#10;A) Renal cell carcinoma&#10;B) Wilms' tumor&#10;C) Carcinoma of the renal pelvis&#10;D) Carcinoma of the ureter&#10;E) Carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract, accounting for approximately 90% of all urinary tract cancers. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney, while Wilms' tumor is a childhood malignancy. Carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter are less common than bladder cancer.

Question 3

Mercury poisoning affects mostly the:&#10;A) Glomeruli&#10;B) Proximal renal tubules&#10;C) Distal renal tubules&#10;D) Collecting ducts&#10;E) Ureter

Accepted Answer

Mercury poisoning affects primarily the kidneys, and specifically the proximal renal tubules. This can lead to damage and dysfunction of the kidneys. The glomeruli, distal renal tubules, collecting ducts, and ureters can also be affected, but to a lesser extent compared to the proximal tubules.

Question 4

Hypertension of chronic kidney disease is medicated with:&#10;A) Erythropoietin&#10;B) Antidiuretic hormone&#10;C) Renin&#10;D) Calcitonin&#10;E) Adrenalin

Accepted Answer

Hypertension in chronic kidney disease is often due to an overactive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Therefore, medications that target renin, such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), are typically used to lower blood pressure in these patients.

Question 5

All the following are features of acute glomerulonephritis except:&#10;A) Proteinuria&#10;B) Hematuria&#10;C) Polyuria&#10;D) Hypertension&#10;E) Edema

Accepted Answer

Polyuria is not a typical feature of acute glomerulonephritis. The other options (Proteinuria, Hematuria, Hypertension, Edema) are commonly seen in acute glomerulonephritis.

Question 6

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder is most often histologically classified as:&#10;A) Squamous cell carcinoma&#10;B) Adenocarcinoma&#10;C) Oat cell carcinoma&#10;D) Transitional cell carcinoma&#10;E) Seminoma

Accepted Answer

Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer, accounting for over 90% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are less common, while oat cell carcinoma and seminoma are not types of bladder cancer.

Question 7

A solid renal tumor of a 4-year-old child was histologically composed of immature cells reminiscent of fetal tubules.This tumor represents a(n):&#10;A) Renal cell adenoma&#10;B) Renal cell carcinoma&#10;C) Wilms' tumor&#10;D) Interstitial cell fibroma&#10;E) Teratoma

Accepted Answer

The histological findings of immature cells resembling fetal tubules are consistent with Wilms' tumor. This type of renal tumor is most common in children and is characterized by the presence of embryonic or fetal-like cells.

A) Renal cell adenoma is a benign tumor of the kidney that is composed of mature cells resembling normal renal tissue.
B) Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the kidney that typically does not contain immature or fetal-like cells.
D) Interstitial cell fibroma is a rare benign tumor that arises from the interstitial cells of the kidney and does not typically contain immature or fetal-like cells.
E) Teratomas are tumors composed of multiple germ layers and are typically not found in the kidney.

Question 8

Acute &#34;honeymoon&#34; cystitis is caused by:&#10;A) Viruses&#10;B) Bacteria&#10;C) Parasites&#10;D) Fungi&#10;E) Mechanical irritation

Accepted Answer

Acute "honeymoon" cystitis is caused by bacterial infection, specifically by the bacteria Escherichia coli, which can enter the urethra during sexual activity.

Question 9

All the following are renal complications of diabetes except:&#10;A) Diffuse glomerulosclerosis&#10;B) Nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease)&#10;C) Arteriolar hyalinosis&#10;D) Papillary necrosis&#10;E) Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Accepted Answer

Crescentic glomerulonephritis is not typically associated with diabetes; it is more commonly linked to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and other conditions. The other options are known renal complications of diabetes.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?&#10;A) Membranous nephropathy&#10;B) Lipoid nephrosis&#10;C) Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)&#10;D) Crescentic glomerulonephritis&#10;E) Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Accepted Answer

Lipoid nephrosis, also known as minimal change disease, is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. The other options listed are less common causes of nephrotic syndrome or may present differently than typical nephrotic syndrome.

Question 11

The most common urinary stones are composed of:&#10;A) Calcium phosphate&#10;B) Magnesium ammonium sulfate&#10;C) Uric acid&#10;D) Cystine&#10;E) Xanthine

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common urinary stones are composed...

Deck 13: The Urinary Tract