Deck 17: The Endocrine System

Question 1

The destruction of hypothalamus will lead to atrophy of all the following endocrine glands except:

A) Pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenals
E) Ovaries

Answer 1

Parathyroid

Question 2

ACTH,which is normally produced by pituitary cells,can also be produced by cells of a(n):

A) Brain tumor
B) Adrenal tumor
C) Carcinoma of the thyroid
D) Small-cell carcinoma of the lung
E) Ovarian carcinoma

Answer 2

Small-cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 3

All the following are endocrine glands except:

A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Spleen
D) Adrenals
E) Parathyroids

Answer 3

Spleen

Question 4

The effect of hormones released into blood circulation and carried to a distant effector organ is called:

A) Neuroendocrine
B) Endocrine
C) Paracrine
D) Merocrine
E) Autocrine

Question 5

The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is:

A) Pituitary adenoma
B) Parathyroid adenoma
C) Parathyroid hyperplasia
D) Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
E) Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome

Question 6

Thyroid enlargement is most often caused by:

A) Graves' disease
B) Papillary carcinoma
C) Follicular carcinoma
D) Medullary carcinoma
E) Idiopathic goiter

Question 7

Epinephrine is secreted by:

A) Adrenal zona glomerulosa
B) Adrenal zona fasciculata
C) Adrenal zona reticularis
D) Adrenal medullary cells
E) Adrenal cortical adenomas

Question 8

Prolonged adrenal stimulation with ACTH results in:

A) Adrenal medullary hyperplasia
B) Adrenal cortical hyperplasia
C) Adrenal adenoma formation
D) Adrenal cortical atrophy
E) Adrenal medullary atrophy

Question 9

The C cells of the thyroid secrete:

A) Thyroglobulin
B) Thyroxin
C) Triiodothyronine
D) Calcitonin
E) Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 10

Exophthalmos is a feature of:

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Graves' disease
C) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D) Congenital thyroid aplasia
E) Iodine deficiency

Question 11

Tumors of the pituitary may secrete any one of the following hormones except:

A) Growth hormone
B) Prolactin
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
E) Cortisol

Question 12

Which of the following endocrine organs is located intracranially inside the sella turcica?

A) Pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenal
E) Pancreas

Question 13

Which of the following is the most common thyroid tumor?

A) Follicular adenoma
B) Follicular carcinoma
C) Anaplastic carcinoma
D) Papillary carcinoma
E) Medullary carcinoma

Question 14

General weakness,cold intolerance,poor appetite,and weight loss following a delivery are typical of:

A) Cushing's syndrome
B) Sheehan's syndrome
C) Cushing's disease
D) Adrenogenital syndrome
E) Graves' disease

Question 15

The posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis releases:

A) Gonadotropins
B) ACTH
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Thyrotropin
E) Prolactin

Question 16

Adrenal hypofunction (Addison's disease)may be caused by all except:

A) Adrenal tuberculosis
B) Bilateral primary adrenal carcinoma
C) Metastases of breast carcinoma to the adrenals
D) Autoimmune adrenalitis
E) Adrenal cortical hyperplasia

Question 17

Which of the following hormones regulates the homeostasis of potassium and sodium?

A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Androgen
D) Aldosterone
E) Glucagon

Question 18

Acromegaly is typically produced by tumors of the:

A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Parathyroid
D) Adrenals
E) Testis

Question 19

Amenorrhea and galactorrhea are typically produced by tumors that are classified as:

A) Pituitary carcinoma
B) Somatostatinoma
C) Glucagonoma
D) Prolactinoma
E) Corticotropic adenoma

Question 20

Graves' disease is caused by a disorder best classified as:

A) Benign tumor
B) Malignant tumor
C) Infection
D) Autoimmune disease
E) Hormonal insufficiency

Question 21

Secondary hyperaldosteronism is typically a complication of chronic:

A) Adrenal disease
B) Renal disease
C) Diabetes
D) Idiopathic hypertension
E) Emphysema

Question 22

Nephrocalcinosis is a typical complication of adenoma of the:

A) Pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenals
E) Testis

Question 23

Addison's disease is treated with:

A) Aspirin
B) Antihypertensive drugs
C) ACTH
D) Prolactin
E) Corticosteroids

Question 24

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is typically caused by:

A) Hypovitaminosis A
B) Hypovitaminosis D
C) Hypovitaminosis C
D) Chronic renal disease
E) Chronic liver disease

Question 25

The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome encountered in medical practice today is:

A) Adenoma of the pituitary
B) Adenoma of adrenal cortex
C) Adenoma of adrenal medulla
D) Carcinoma of adrenal cortex
E) Exogenous steroids administered by physicians

Question 26

Neuroblastomas have peak incidence in which age group?

A) 1-5 years
B) 10-15 years
C) 20-25 years
D) 40-45 years
E) 60-65 years

Question 27

What is the color of adrenal adenoma typically found in Cushing's syndrome?

A) White
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Yellow
E) Black

Question 28

The most important clinical finding in patients with pheochromocytomas is:

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypertension
C) Hyperestrinism
D) Hypocalcemia
E) Polyuria

Question 29

Hypocalcemic tetany is most often secondary to:

A) Neck surgery
B) Autoimmune disease
C) Infectious disease
D) Benign tumors
E) Hyperparathyroidism