Deck 20: Muscles

Question 1

The transmission of impulses from the nerve to the striated muscle at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by the release of:

A) Adrenaline
B) Acetylcholine
C) Cholinesterase
D) Norepinephrine
E) Acetaldehyde

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

Spastic contraction of muscles known as tetany is caused by:

A) Hypercalcemia
B) Hypoparathyroidism
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Hyponatremia
E) Hypophosphatemia

Answer 2

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 3

Skeletal muscles are:

A) Composed of either type I (slow)or type II (fast)fibers
B) Composed of rapidly dividing cells
C) Composed of nondividing cells that can be stimulated to enter mitosis by a variety of cytokines
D) In close contact with nerves
E) Major storage site of calcium and phosphate

Answer 3

In close contact with nerves

Question 4

Botulism,a disease caused by a toxin from Clostridium botulinum,is marked by:

A) Tetany
B) Convulsions
C) Paralysis of muscles
D) Loss of sensation
E) Hypercalcemia

Question 5

Symptoms of muscle weakness in Duchenne-type dystrophy begin in:

A) Preschool children
B) Elementary school children
C) High school children
D) College-level teenagers
E) Adults

Question 6

Patients with myasthenia gravis given edrophonium,an antagonist of cholinesterase,show:

A) Aggravation of symptoms
B) Complete paralysis
C) Temporary improvement of muscle weakness
D) Reduced levels of circulating antibodies
E) Reduced calcium in blood

Question 7

A patient with myasthenia gravis was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass.This mass proved to be a tumor.Most likely it is a:

A) Thyroid adenoma
B) Parathyroid adenoma
C) Neuroblastoma
D) Smooth muscle cell tumor
E) Thymoma

Question 8

Which is the most common cause of muscle weakness and/or paralysis in infants and children?

A) Duchenne-type dystrophy
B) Becker's dystrophy
C) Cerebral palsy
D) Dermatomyositis
E) Infectious myositis

Question 9

Almost all patients with myasthenia gravis show:

A) Signs of muscle degeneration
B) Regrouping of type I and type II muscles
C) Muscle atrophy
D) Antibodies to acetylcholine
E) Antibodies to acetylcholine receptor

Question 10

Peripheral motor neurons are extensions of nerve cells that are typically located in the:

A) Cortex of the brain
B) Basal ganglia
C) Pons
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Anterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 11

The first symptoms of myasthenia gravis among women appear most often in which age group?

A) 0-5 years
B) 5-20 years
C) 20-35 years
D) 35-50 years
E) Older than 50 years

Question 12

Muscle inflammation characterized by infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells is most typical of:

A) Muscular dystrophy
B) Muscular atrophy
C) Trichinella spiralis infection
D) Polymyositis
E) Myasthenia gravis

Question 13

Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy is inherited as a(n):

A) Autosomal dominant trait
B) Autosomal recessive trait
C) Sex-linked recessive trait
D) Sex-linked dominant trait
E) Polygenic trait

Question 14

All the following are autoimmune diseases affecting the muscles except:

A) Myasthenia gravis
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Systemic lupus erythematosus
D) Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy
E) Dermatomyositis

Question 15

Frontal baldness,testicular atrophy,and muscle spasm arc typical of which autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy?

A) Duchenne's
B) Becker's
C) Facioscapulohumeral
D) Limb-girdle
E) Myotonic

Question 16

Destruction of muscle fibers in polymyositis is characterized by a release of enzymes,the most specific for muscle disease of which is:

A) Lactate dehydrogenase
B) Acid phosphatase
C) Alkaline phosphatase
D) Creatine kinase
E) Alanine aminotransferase

Question 17

Following wallerian degeneration,the nerve function is restored by the:

A) Regeneration of dendrites from the perikaryon
B) Regeneration of the axon from the peripheral parts of the transected nerve
C) Regeneration of the axon from the proximal portion of the transected axon
D) Loss of the perikaryon
E) Loss of the Nissl substance

Question 18

Which of the following muscular dystrophies involves the same gene as Duchenne-type dystrophy?

A) Becker's dystrophy
B) Limb-girdle dystrophy
C) Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
D) Myotonic dystrophy
E) Werdnig-Hoffmann disease

Question 19

Which of the following is a typical "upper neuron injury"?

A) Polymyositis
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome
C) Spinal cord injury in traffic accident
D) Diabetic neuropathy
E) Lead poisoning

Question 20

Which of the following viruses is the best-known cause of myositis?

A) Herpesvirus type I
B) Herpesvirus type II
C) CMV
D) Coxsackie virus
E) Mumps virus

Question 21

The most common histologic type of soft tissue sarcoma in adults is:

A) Liposarcoma
B) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
C) Rhabdomyosarcoma
D) Leiomyosarcoma
E) Synovial sarcoma

Question 22

Malignant tumor of striated muscle is called:

A) Leiomyosarcoma
B) Rhabdomyosarcoma
C) Liposarcoma
D) Synovial sarcoma
E) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma