Question 1

When taking dental histories,it is important to gather information on both parents' and siblings' history of caries.This should be done in addition to evaluating nutritional and oral hygiene habits.&#10;A)Both statements are true.&#10;B)Both statements are false.&#10;C)First statement is true,second statement is false.&#10;D)First statement is false,second statement is true.

Accepted Answer

A)Dental caries has both environmental and genetic components;because of this,it is important that detailed dental histories be gathered.This does include dental history of parents and siblings and nutritional and oral habits.

Question 2

What cells are capable of dividing without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person is still alive?&#10;A)Epithelial cells&#10;B)Connective tissue&#10;C)Periodontal ligaments&#10;D)Stem cells

Accepted Answer

D)Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body.They serve as a sort of repair system for the body.

Question 3

What is defined as specific sequences of bases that encode instructions on how to make proteins?&#10;A)Genome&#10;B)Chromosomes&#10;C)Genes&#10;D)Proteome

Accepted Answer

C)Each chromosome contains many genes,the basic physical and functional units of heredity.Genes comprise only about 2% of the human genome.

Question 4

What does DNA stand for?&#10;A)Deoxygenated neutral acid&#10;B)Deoxyribonucleic acid&#10;C)Differential nucleic acid&#10;D)Differential neutral acid

Accepted Answer

B)DNA is an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid.DNA from all organisms is made up of the same chemical and physical components.

Question 5

What major genetic factor influences an individual's response to periodontal disease?&#10;A)Cytokines&#10;B)Gamma globulins&#10;C)Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1B&#10;D)Immunoglobulin A

Accepted Answer

C)The majority of genetic factors are also associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response to periodontal infection.Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1B is associated with tissue destruction.

Question 6

When was the Human Genome Project completed?&#10;A)2003&#10;B)2004&#10;C)2005&#10;D)2006

Accepted Answer

A)This project was completed in 2003 and was a 13-year project.Researchers studied the genetic makeup of several nonhuman organisms,including the common human gut bacterium,the fruit fly,and the laboratory mouse.

Question 7

What has research indicated about periodontal disease and dental caries?&#10;A)That periodontal disease and caries is contagious.&#10;B)That periodontal disease and caries can be genetic.&#10;C)That periodontal disease and caries is due to a chromosome deficiency.&#10;D)That periodontal disease and caries can be reversed.

Accepted Answer

B)In 1995,the potential impact of gene therapy on dentistry was published;this finding was based on initial studies of gene transfer applications to salivary glands,keratinocytes,and cancer cells.It is now evident that a genetic basis exists for most diseases including periodontal disease and dental caries.

Question 8

How many chromosomes does DNA have?&#10;A)20&#10;B)26&#10;C)22&#10;D)24

Accepted Answer

D)DNA in the human genome is arranged into 24 distinct chromosomes.These physically separate molecules range in length from about 50 million to 250 million base pairs.

Question 9

Co-aggregated cells are more resistant to phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils in vitro and in vivo.Colonization of P.gingivalis at subgingival sites is secondary in the pathogenic process of periodontal disease and tissue destruction.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second statement is false.
D)First statement is false,second statement is true.

Accepted Answer

C)Co-aggregated cells are more resistant to phagocytosis and killing by neutrohils in vitro and in vivo.However,the colonization of P.gingivalis at subgingival sites is critical in the pathogenic process of periodontal disease and tissue destruction.

Question 10

What is the MOST important part of the tooth?&#10;A)Crown&#10;B)Root&#10;C)Cementum&#10;D)Dentin

Accepted Answer

B)Root development involves dentin formation,cementum generation,instruction of epithelium,and tooth eruption.From a clinical perspective,the most important part of the tooth is the root,which supports the natural or artificial crown.

Deck 22: Technological Advances in Primary Dental Care