Deck 14: Neurocognitive Disorders and Disorders Related to Aging

Question 1

Which of the following can be a symptom of delirium?

A) increased appetite
B) disorientation
C) headache
D) depression

Answer 1

disorientation

Question 2

Viral encephalitis is ____________.

A) a prion disease
B) a hardening of brain arteries with a viral origin
C) a type of brain infection
D) a swelling of the brain resulting from a B vitamin deficiency

Answer 2

a type of brain infection

Question 3

Which of the following is a state of extreme mental confusion in which people have difficulty focusing their attention, speaking clearly and coherently, and orienting themselves to the environment?

A) delirium
B) dissociation
C) cerebral regression
D) cerebral inflammation

Answer 3

delirium

Question 4

Dr. Jones, after conducting an interview with Patrick's grandfather (who has delirium), indicates that the grandfather is experiencing "Disorientation to person." This phrase means that Patrick's grandfather doesn't know __________.

A) who Patrick is
B) who he is
C) who the doctor is
D) he exists

Question 5

The DSM-5 classifies disorders of cognitive functioning by organizing them into ____ types of disorders.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 6

There are ______ known causes of delirium.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) many

Question 7

Lack of awareness of the date, time, place, and identity is known as ______.

A) dementia
B) disorientation
C) confabulation
D) amnesia

Question 8

A woman is unable to process any visual information in a sensible manner. Although her eyes work fine and her brain processes the visual material so that she can "see," her brain processes
The visual material in a fragmented manner so she is unable to make any sense out of what she
Sees. This woman is suffering from ______.

A) Pick's disease
B) Wernicke's syndrome
C) agnosia
D) aphasia

Question 9

______ disorders arise from injuries or diseases that affect the brain, including those that result from drug use or withdrawal.

A) Learning
B) Neurocognitive
C) Developmental
D) Neurosurgical

Question 10

Disorders involving deficits in cognitive functioning that represent a marked change from the individual's prior level of functioning and which are caused by physical or medical
Conditions that affect brain functions are called ______.

A) psychosomatic disorders
B) adjustment disorders
C) neurocognitive disorders
D) somatoform disorders

Question 11

Why are disorders that were termed cognitive disorders in earlier versions of the DSM now termed as neurocognitive disorders in the DSM-5?

A) to better reflect the fact that cognitive functions are closely linked to particular brain regions and neural pathways
B) to deemphasize the stigma attached to these disorders
C) to reflect that cognitive tasks such as memory and attention are not as biologically based as we once thought
D) to make it more difficult to diagnose

Question 12

A disturbance of sensory perception, usually affecting visual recognition, is known as ______.

A) aphasia
B) amnesia
C) agnosia
D) delirium

Question 13

Neurocognitive disorders differ from other psychological disorders in that they ______.

A) result in permanent loss of physical functioning because of psychological factors
B) affect men far more than women
C) involve deterioration in the functioning of one or more of the five sensory organs
D) have either known or presumed biological causes

Question 14

Molly has a cognitive disorder. Her mind wanders. She can't shift attention to new tasks. Her thinking is disorganized and marked by incoherent speech. She is often disoriented, has
Difficulty staying awake, and sometimes misinterprets sensory stimuli. Her disorder is most
Likely ______.

A) dementia
B) delirium
C) intoxication
D) amnestic disorder

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the major types of neurocognitive disorders?

A) mental retardation
B) delirium
C) autism spectrum disorder
D) nonverbal communication disorder

Question 16

Visual hallucinations can be a part of ______.

A) dementia
B) amnesia
C) delirium
D) senility

Question 17

Which of the following is a general term used to describe a severe neurocognitive disorder in which there is general deterioration of mental functioning?

A) dementia
B) dissociation
C) cognitive slippage
D) secondary cognitive decline

Question 18

A state of mental confusion, disorientation, and inability to focus attention is known as ______.

A) amnesia
B) dementia
C) delirium
D) aphasia

Question 19

The term ______ means straying from the line, or the norm, in cognition, perception, and behavior.

A) dementia
B) delirium
C) aphasia
D) agnosia

Question 20

The severity of symptoms with delirium___________.

A) steadily becomes more severe over the course of a day
B) becomes severe only in the evening
C) fluctuates throughout the course of a day
D) remains constant for the remainder of the patient's life

Question 21

Fran's boyfriend Mark has been brought to the hospital in a delirious state. Mark, age 18, is a first-year college student and has no known psychiatric or medical problems. He seemed fine before going out with his fraternity brothers and he has not been involved in any accident. What might the doctors evaluating Mark initially consider as a possible cause of his delirium?

A) psychoactive drugs
B) an underlying serious medical condition
C) liver disease
D) a seizure disorder

Question 22

Muscle spasms, seizures and tremors are features of delirium which fall into which of the following domains?

A) Emotion
B) Cognition and perception
C) Behavior
D) Autonomic nervous system activity

Question 23

Delirium most often affects which of the following?

A) elderly hospitalized patients following surgical operations
B) husbands just before marriage
C) adolescents during puberty
D) athletes during sporting event

Question 24

Among young people, delirium is most commonly the result of which of the following?

A) abrupt withdrawal from psychoactive drugs
B) a side-effect of medication
C) hospitalization
D) the pressure of adolescence

Question 25

People with chronic alcoholism who abruptly stop drinking may experience a form of delirium called______.

A) delirium tremens
B) alcohol reverberation
C) intoxication rebound
D) synergy aria

Question 26

A key feature in delirium is disturbances of _______.

A) appetite
B) perception
C) IQ
D) sex drive

Question 27

The most common cause of delirium among young people is ______.

A) brain infection
B) abrupt withdrawal from drugs
C) severe head trauma
D) ingestion of drugs

Question 28

Which of the following differentiates delirium from dementia or other forms of major neurocognitive disorder?

A) It develops rapidly, generally in a few hours to a few days.
B) It is characterized by states of confusion.
C) It results in increased need for sleep.
D) It only affects those with lower cholesterol levels.

Question 29

Confusion, meaningless mumbling, and wild hallucinations are some of the major and minor features of delirium in which of the following domains?

A) Emotion
B) Cognition and perception
C) Behavior
D) Autonomic nervous system activity

Question 30

Apprehension, fear and panic are features of delirium which fall into which of the following domains?

A) Emotion
B) Cognition and perception
C) Behavior
D) Autonomic nervous system activity

Question 31

The prevalence of delirium is estimated at about ______in the general community.

A) 1% to 2%
B) 5% to 10%
C) 10% to 20%
D) 30% to 50%

Question 32

Among older persons, delirium is most likely to be a sign of_____________.

A) psychoactive substance use
B) alcohol withdrawal
C) the onset of Alzheimer's disease
D) a life-threatening medical condition

Question 33

Which of the following is a common cause of delirium?

A) brain infection
B) spider bite
C) vitamin C deficiencies
D) iron deficiencies

Question 34

Delirium can be caused by a deficiency in ______.

A) vitamin A
B) the B vitamin thiamine
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 35

Delirium involves ___________, possibly resulting from______________.

A) an allergic reaction; dehydration
B) widespread disruption of brain activity; imbalances in the levels of certain neurotransmitters
C) widespread neurotransmitter excess; undetected tumors
D) underactivity of neural firing; cognitive decline

Question 36

Ed, a chronic alcoholic, has not had a drink in over 24 hours. Ed feels as though there are cockroaches crawling all over him. He is experiencing terrifying hallucinations as well. It is possible Ed is experiencing _______.

A) a psychotic break
B) a manic episode
C) alcohol poisoning
D) DTs

Question 37

According to the textbook, delirium may also occur due to exposure to which of the following?

A) toxic substances such as eating certain poisonous mushrooms
B) music played at a subliminal level
C) excessive color
D) an extreme monotone voice for an extended period of time

Question 38

The best treatment setting for delirium tremens would be________.

A) a hospital
B) an outpatient clinic
C) a nursing home
D) at home

Question 39

Among people over the age of 85, the prevalence rate of delirium rises to about ____percent.

A) 6
B) 14
C) 20
D) 50

Question 40

The course of delirium tremens usually runs for about a ______.

A) day
B) week
C) month
D) year

Question 41

Syphilis is caused by a(n) ______.

A) bacterial infection
B) auto-immune disorder
C) viral infection
D) environmental toxin

Question 42

The most common form of dementia is ______.

A) vascular dementia
B) dementia due to Pick's disease
C) dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
D) dementia due to Parkinson's disease

Question 43

A form of dementia that results from neurosyphilis is ______.

A) AIDS
B) general paresis
C) delirium
D) Creutzfeldt-Jacob

Question 44

______ involves a profound deterioration in mental functioning, characterized by gross memory impairment and cognitive deficits such as aphasia, apraxia, or
Agnosia, and deficits in executive functioning.

A) Major neurocognitive disorder
B) Delirium
C) Anhedonia
D) Amnestic disorder

Question 45

During the course of delirium, the person's mental state often fluctuates between periods of clarity ("lucid intervals"), which are most common in the __________, and periods of confusion and disorientation.

A) morning
B) afternoon
C) early evening
D) middle of the night

Question 46

Cal suffers from delirium. He is most likely to have moments of clarity ______.

A) in the morning
B) in the afternoon
C) in the evening
D) late at night

Question 47

Marcus exhibits panic, fever, seizures, meaningless mumbling, and vivid hallucinations. His behavior is best described as ______.

A) dementia
B) schizophrenia
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) delirium

Question 48

Carl is suffering from delirium. He experiences fear, delusions, some disorientation, muscle spasms, but not seizures, and perspires heavily. His delirium is best described as ______.

A) chronic
B) mild
C) moderate
D) severe

Question 49

Most dementias are ______ and ______.

A) episodic, reversible
B) progressive, reversible
C) episodic, irreversible
D) progressive, irreversible

Question 50

____________represents a profound decline or deterioration in mental functioning characterized by significant impairment of memory, thinking processes, and judgment and by specific cognitive deficits.

A) Stupor
B) Dissociation
C) Agnosia
D) Delirium

Question 51

Sally has a cognitive disorder. She has memory deficits in recalling newly learned information, past personal information, and common knowledge. She also exhibits
Deficiencies in abstract thinking, impaired judgment, aphasia, and apraxia. Finally, she
Exhibits personality changes in which she seems almost the opposite of her normal self.
Her disorder is most likely ______.

A) dementia
B) delirium
C) anencephaly
D) amnestic disorder

Question 52

Angel suffers from delirium. He is most likely to have his worst periods of confusion in ______.

A) the evening, after dark
B) the morning
C) the presence of bright lights
D) a large crowd

Question 53

Ryan suffers from delirium. He is most likely to have his worst periods of confusion following ______.

A) episodes of binge eating
B) a night in which he overslept
C) a sleepless night
D) a stressful day

Question 54

Carl is suffering from delirium. He experiences apprehension, confusion, racing thoughts, tremors, and an abnormally fast heartbeat. His delirium is best described as ______.

A) chronic
B) mild
C) moderate
D) severe

Question 55

Which of the following is a known cause of dementia?

A) febrile convulsions
B) HIV infection
C) headaches
D) aluminum

Question 56

General paresis is caused by ______.

A) an auto-immune disorder
B) encephalitis
C) neurosyphilis
D) meningitis

Question 57

Which of the following is another word for major neurocognitive disorder?

A) dementia
B) Korsakoff's syndrome
C) mental retardation
D) delirium

Question 58

Carl is suffering from delirium. He mumbles incoherently, experiences episodes of panic with vivid and frightening hallucinations, seizures, and high fever. His delirium is best described as ______.

A) chronic
B) mild
C) moderate
D) severe

Question 59

Which of the following is a symptom of severe delirium?

A) meaningless mumbling
B) delusions
C) muscle spasms
D) apprehension

Question 60

Which of the following represent the feature of autonomic activity with delirium?

A) abnormally fast heartbeat
B) muscle spasms
C) disorientation, delusions
D) vivid hallucinations

Question 61

The form of dementia called general paresis resulted from a form of the later stages of which sexually transmitted disease?

A) HIV
B) chlamydia
C) syphilis
D) herpes

Question 62

Why did the developers of the DSM-5 decide to no longer use the term dementia as a diagnostic label?

A) It is a pejorative term that carries an unfortunate stigma.
B) The term is too specific and descriptive.
C) The term only applies to young people.
D) Prevalence rates of dementia are very low.

Question 63

The effectiveness of treatment for general paresis through the use of antibiotics is dependent upon which of the following?

A) when they are introduced and the extent of the brain damage
B) the time of day the antibiotics are given and the type of antibiotics
C) whether the chlamydia is comorbid with depression
D) the type of chlamydia and the diet of the user

Question 64

Which of the following is true?

A) Dementia is an inevitable and normal part of the aging process.
B) Dementia is a sign of degenerative brain disease.
C) The risk of dementia decreases after age 70.
D) There are relatively few causes of dementia.

Question 65

The form of dementia that begins at or before the age of 65 is called ______.

A) presenile dementia
B) progressive dementia
C) senile dementia
D) episodic dementia

Question 66

The finding that the form of dementia known as general paresis was caused by a bacterium was important for the development and strengthening of which of the following?

A) the medical model
B) the psychodynamic model
C) the cognitive model
D) the psychological model

Question 67

Andrew suffers from late-stage syphilis. He has slurred speech, impaired motor coordination, and is steadily developing motor paralysis. He is irritable, but lacks normal responsiveness to
Joyous or upsetting events. He has deteriorated intellectually, and has completely abandoned
Personal grooming and hygiene. His condition is called ______.

A) Huntington's disease
B) Addison's disease
C) general paresis
D) meningitis

Question 68

Impaired ability to comprehend or produce speech is called ______.

A) agnosia
B) apraxia
C) disturbance in executive functioning
D) aphasia

Question 69

In cases of severe tissue damage resulting from neurosyphilis, antibiotics can ______.

A) do little to slow the pace of deterioration
B) slow down the pace of deterioration but cannot stop it
C) stop the deterioration but cannot restore former levels of functioning
D) stop the deterioration and eventually restore former levels of functioning

Question 70

Inability to recognize objects, despite an intact sensory system is called ______.

A) agnosia
B) apraxia
C) disturbance in executive functioning
D) aphasia

Question 71

A form of dementia caused by a bacterium that had historical significance in the development of the medical model of mental disorders was known as which of the following?

A) general paresis.
B) delirium
C) apraxia
D) agnosia

Question 72

Most dementias occur in people ______.

A) under age forty
B) between the ages of 40 and 60
C) between the ages of 60 and 80
D) over age 80

Question 73

Deficits in planning, organizing, or sequencing activities or in engaging in abstract thinking is called ______.

A) agnosia
B) apraxia
C) disturbance in executive functioning
D) aphasia

Question 74

Regarding mild neurocognitive disorder, which of the following is a true statement?

A) It first appeared in the DSM-IV-TR.
B) The decline is not of sufficient magnitude to justify a diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder.
C) Concerns alone about the decline are sufficient for a diagnosis.
D) It is an new name for what was once a mood disorder.

Question 75

Impaired ability to perform purposeful movements despite an absence of any defect in motor functioning is called ______.

A) agnosia
B) apraxia
C) disturbance in executive functioning
D) aphasia

Question 76

The 19th-century discovery of the connection between _____and a concrete physical illness, syphilis, strengthened the medical model and held out the promise that organic causes would eventually be found for other abnormal behavior.

A) general paresis
B) chlamydia
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) vascular neurocognitive disorder

Question 77

The form of dementia that begins after age 65 is called ______.

A) presenile dementia
B) progressive dementia
C) senile dementia
D) episodic dementia

Question 78

Which of the following is a newly recognized disorder in DSM-5 that applies to people who suffer a mild or modest decline in cognitive functioning from their prior level?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Mild neurocognitive disorder
C) dementia
D) delirium tremens

Question 79

Mild neurocognitive disorder is a new name for a clinical syndrome widely identified as ____________.

A) mild cognitive impairment
B) delirium
C) agnosia
D) major neurocognitive disorder

Question 80

Late-stage syphilis once accounted for upward of ______ percent of admissions to psychiatric hospitals.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70