Deck 4: Federalism

Question 1

A power not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n)_________ power.

A)assigned
B)general
C)enumerated
D)implied
E)concurrent

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I,Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n)"__________ clause."

A)confederal
B)states' rights
C)judicial
D)dual
E)elastic

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Development of the Common Core education standards was led by​ the

A)​Executive Office of the President.
B)​National Governors' Association.
C)U.S. Department of Education.
D)​United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
E)American Association of Educators.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its ​activities to

A)​enforcing the bill of rights.
B)​policies that impact citizens of multiple states.
C)​making laws in areas not specifically granted in the constitution to the states.
D)​foreign policy, leaving regulating all citizen activities to the states.
E)​enumerated powers.

Question 5

Federal government decision-making tends to be dominated by​

A)​theoretical debates about federalism.
B)​political and policy goals.
C)​concern for priorities of interest groups.
D)​ideological commitments with respect to federalism.
E)​academic conceptions of "ideal" federalism.

Question 6

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service.Congress did so,however,to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n)_________ power.

A)implied
B)delegated
C)reserved
D)expressed
E)inherent

Question 7

According to the theory of dual federalism,__________________ the nation and the states.​

A)​a rigid wall separates
B)​there is very little political difference between
C)​national policy always applies equally to both
D)​grant money is shared by
E)​the president is ultimately sovereign over both

Question 8

Which of the following is not an essential premise of dual federalism?

A)The Constitution is the creation of the people of the United States.
B)The national government rules by enumerated powers only.
C)The national government has a limited set of constitutional purposes.
D)Each government unit, both nation and state, is sovereign within its sphere.
E)The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by tension.

Question 9

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

A)A layer cake
B)A sponge cake
C)A fruitcake
D)A marble cake
E)A bundt cake

Question 10

The constitution ​expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states.

A)​build interstate highways
B)​establish military bases
C)​control communications
D)​create a postal system
E)​build schools

Question 11

Federal government support for the Common Core​ was

A)​the chief reason the standards were written.
B)​required by federal legislation.
C)​a problem because it created an appearance that the standards threatened state authority.
D)​irrelevant to the drafting and adoption of the standards.
E)​not a reason for drafting standards, but was the primary influence on their final form.

Question 12

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward __________.

A)cooperative federalism; dual federalism
B)dual federalism; cooperative federalism
C)the elastic clause; the Tenth Amendment
D)the supremacy clause; the Tenth Amendment
E)cooperative federalism and the elastic clause; dual federalism and the Tenth Amendment

Question 13

Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?

A)National and state agencies typically undertake government functions jointly rather than exclusively.
B)The nation and states routinely share power.
C)Power is not concentrated at any government level or in any agency.
D)The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined.
E)It is an expansive view of the Constitution's supremacy clause.

Question 14

A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ Amendment to the Constitution.

A)First
B)Eighth
C)Tenth
D)Fourteenth
E)Sixteenth

Question 15

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to _________.

A)the states; both the states and the federal government
B)both the states and the federal government; the states
C)the federal government; the states
D)the states; the federal government
E)the federal government; both the states and the federal government

Question 16

Someone who believes that the elastic clause of the Constitution should be narrowly interpreted is most likely to endorse the concept of _________ federalism.

A)dual
B)cooperative
C)creative
D)implied
E)restrictive

Question 17

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government​ are settled by

A)​the president.
B)​a committee of state governors.
C)​a congressional conference committee.
D)​the supreme court.
E)​the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Question 18

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

A)A sponge cake
B)A layer cake
C)A fruitcake
D)A marble cake
E)A pineapple upside-down cake

Question 19

The basic premise of federalism is that

A)supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses.
B)two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.
C)supreme political authority remains with the states.
D)a national government has sole ultimate sovereignty over a country's land and people.
E)state and local governments may not exercise powers of their own that are independent of the national government.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding the New Deal era is incorrect?

A)The period was crucial in reshaping federalism in the United States.
B)The size of the national government and its budget increased tremendously.
C)The general welfare became a legitimate concern of the national government.
D)Congress temporarily claimed extra constitutional powers to meet the national emergency.
E)All of these choices are true.

Question 21

The controversial 1993 Brady bill

A)criminalized the distribution of medical marijuana.
B)outlawed abortions in the third trimester of a pregnancy.
C)created a national system to check the background of gun buyers.
D)required local law enforcement officials to investigate the immigration status of detainees.
E)forbade states from recognizing same-sex marriages performed in other states.

Question 22

The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.​

A)​bill of rights
B)​commerce clause
C)​McCulloch v. Maryland decision
D)​president
E)​supreme court

Question 23

In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to 

A)​prohibit slavery.
B)​create a national bank.
C)​control sale of guns.
D)​regulate navigable waterways.
E)​issue grants-in-aid.

Question 24

Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently​

A)​favored national government supremacy.
B)​allowed Congress to decide issues of state/federal power-sharing.
C)​favored states' rights.
D)declined to hear cases involving power disputes between the national government and the states.
E)​deferred in its decision-making to over 100 years of precedent in supreme court decisions.

Question 25

"Let the end be legitimate,let it be within the scope of the constitution,and all means which are appropriate" is part of the broad Supreme Court interpretation of the elastic clause in the case of

A)Marbury v. Madison.
B)McCulloch v. Maryland.
C)Gibbons v. Ogden.
D)United States v. Lopez.
E)Printz v. United States.

Question 26

While always a part of the federal arsenal,federal grants-in-aid grew at an astonishing pace

A)during the 1860s.
B)during the 1870s.
C)during the 1890s.
D)during the 1930s.
E)during the 1960s.

Question 27

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

A)states' rights.
B)cooperative federalism.
C)dual federalism.
D)the Fourth Amendment.
E)the Tenth Amendment.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?​

A)State legislatures have generally increased the time they are in session.
B)States have improved pay for their legislators.
C)​States are employing more qualified policy specialists as advisors.
D)States have increased their ability to raise revenue through taxes and other means.
E)All of the above are reasons states have increased their capabilities.

Question 29

In recent years,the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are

A)mentally disabled.
B)poor and uneducated.
C)from broken homes.
D)seventeen years old.
E)mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.

Question 30

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v.Maryland (1819),the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

A)approved by both houses of Congress.
B)strictly related to accomplishment of a national priority.
C)requested by a state government.
D)generally in the public interest.
E)plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

Question 31

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

A)block
B)formula
C)carry
D)categorical
E)user

Question 32

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

A)institute a peacetime draft.
B)establish a national bank.
C)regulate commerce along major waterways.
D)investigate the executive branch.
E)remove one of its own members.

Question 33

Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant.The states may then designate the specific educational programs to receive the funds.This is an example of a _________ grant.

A)block
B)formula
C)carry
D)categorical
E)user

Question 34

In McCulloch v.Maryland,​Chief Justice Marshall employed the principle of 

A)​states' rights.
B)​layer-cake federalism.
C)​cooperative federalism.
D)​​dual federalism.
E)​state intermediation.

Question 35

From the 1930s to the mid-1990s,

A)the Supreme Court tended to support expansion of national authority.
B)the Supreme Court considered issues of federalism to be "political questions" beyond the scope of the Court's jurisdiction.
C)the Supreme Court consistently resisted the expansion of national power.
D)the Supreme Court wavered unpredictably on the issue of national authority.
E)the Court issued decisions that made the division of powers in federalism difficult to ascertain.

Question 36

In 2012,the Supreme Court cited ____________ in upholding the "individual mandate" provision of the Affordable Care Act.

A)​the commerce clause
B)​dual federalism
C)​the Congress's taxing power
D)​cooperative federalism
E)​the McCulloch v. Maryland decision

Question 37

Under Chief Justice John Marshall,the early Supreme Court generally

A)preserved states' rights.
B)lessened trade powers between the states.
C)issued conflicting decisions about the balance between national and state power.
D)remain silent about federalism issues.
E)increased national power.

Question 38

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v.Lopez was that

A)the Second Amendment forbids any government restriction on the right to bear arms.
B)there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.
C)schools are exclusively a state and local responsibility.
D)the right to bear arms extends even to those who are not legal adults.
E)entities of the state do not have ability equal to that of the state itself to successfully challenge national law.

Question 39

By 2013,__________ grants consumed more than 50 percent of national government grants to the states.

A)Homeland Security
B)education
C)environmental
D)transportation
E)health

Question 40

​The Printz v.United States decision was held to violate the constitutional principle of ___________ by transferring the president's executive authority to local sheriffs.

A)​cooperative federalism
B)​marble-cake federalism
C)​regulation of commerce
D)​new federalism
E)​separation of powers

Question 41

According to the text,political liberals fear stronger states' rights because it​

A)​resulted in higher taxes.
B)​supported the principle of cooperative federalism.
C)​allowed inequality and supported racism.
D)is unconstitutional.
E)focused too strongly on representing urban dwellers.

Question 42

In response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks​,Congress placed the _________ in charge of protecting the nation's ports.

A)​Marines
B)​states
C)​FBI
D)​Coast Guard
E)​Department of Homeland Security

Question 43

Home rule is

A)the right of the federal government to protect its own shores against foreign invasion.
B)the authority of states to enact federal programs as they wish.
C)the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas.
D)a person's right to defend his or her property as he or she sees fit.
E)a local government's ability to tax those people who shop within that local government's boundaries.

Question 44

A citizen,interest group member,or public official who champions a particular policy idea is called a​

A)​public agitator.
B)​policy entrepreneur.
C)policy instigator.
D)​legislator.
E)​policy stimulator.

Question 45

A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a

A)U.S. Senator.
B)member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
C)state legislator.
D)governor.
E)judge.

Question 46

The complexity of the American federal system encourages

A)majoritarian democracy.
B)pluralism.
C)a high level of popular participation.
D)government stagnation.
E)conservative reactions by most registered voters.

Question 47

Congressional redistricting occurs once every ____ years.

A)two
B)four
C)six
D)ten
E)fifty

Question 48

Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are,according to the text,chiefly a function of the fact that​

A)"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."
B)​​there are still so many supporters of Saddam Hussein.
C)​voters rejected democracy when they adopted the current Iraqi constitution.
D)​it is impossible to have a voting system.
E)​too many international boundary disputes remain to be resolved.

Question 49

How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?

A)Less likely
B)More likely
C)Equally likely
D)No clear pattern
E)More likely if the issues are known and made clear to voters in advance

Question 50

Based on 2012 data from the U.S.Census Bureau,the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

A)300
B)1,000
C)10,000
D)20,000
E)90,000

Question 51

A government unit created to perform particular functions,such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

A)municipal government.
B)state's taxing authority.
C)county government.
D)special district.
E)intergovernmental agency.

Question 52

The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by

A)state legislatures.
B)state governors.
C)U.S. Senators.
D)a state's congressional delegation.
E)the House Judiciary Committee.

Question 53

​The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national,state and local governments in the United States.

A)​federalist system
B)​governmental maze
C)​intergovernmental system
D)​puzzle palace
E)​governmental hierarchy

Question 54

Real ID,a federally mandated program that imposes security standards for states to issue driver's licenses,is an example of

A)redistricting.
B)a block grant.
C)preemption.
D)a restraint.
E)an unfunded mandate.

Question 55

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

A)reapportionment.
B)realignment.
C)redistribution.
D)redistricting.
E)redesign.

Question 56

The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as

A)new federalism.
B)sanctioning.
C)policy entrepreneurship.
D)preemption.
E)popular sovereignty.

Question 57

Preclearance is the process of​

A)​obtaining the approval of Congress before passing state laws.
B)​seeking advance rulings on constitutionality of legislation from the supreme court.
C)​asking the governor to sign off on a proposed law before introducing it.
D)​submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval.
E)​providing citizens with advance notice of the effect of newly-passed laws.

Question 58

The __________ pressed for legislation requiring cost estimates and analysis of the impact of agency regulations.

A)state governors
B)U.S. Senate
C)majority of Washington lobbyists
D)Congressional Budget Office
E)Republicans

Question 59

The vast majority of recent preemptions have focused on

A)environmental protection.
B)judicial appointments.
C)Internet commerce.
D)homeland security.
E)environmental protection and homeland security.

Question 60

The Constitution explicitly recognizes

A)the national government.
B)state governments.
C)local governments.
D)the national government, state governments, and local governments.
E)the national government and state governments.

Question 61

Compare the attitudes of conservatives and liberals to states' rights.

Question 62

Identify the key elements of cooperative federalism.

Question 63

​The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.

A)presidential
B)​legislative
C)​regulatory
D)​judicial
E)informal

Question 64

Explain what preemption means,and identify recent trends in its use and the issues that have been addressed.

Question 65

Discuss the special challenges faced by state and local governments as a result of the economic downturn in 2008,and ways governments can and did respond to these challenges.

Question 66

​Explain the problems faced by Iraq in implementing a federal system similar to that in the United States.

Question 67

Discuss how the Great Depression changed the relationship between the federal government and the states.

Question 68

Discuss how both dual and cooperative federalism support the pluralist model in different ways.

Question 69

Discuss three Supreme Court decisions that reflect the Court's changing conception of the limits of federal power.

Question 70

Discuss the concept of preclearance,including the impact of the Shelby County v.Holder decision.​

Question 71

Explain the concept of dual federalism and its essential premises.

Question 72

_________ requires foreigners who are not citizens living in the United States to register with the government and carry their registration papers.

A)U.S. Law
B)Nevada Law
C)Montana Law
D)California Law
E)Oregon Law