Deck 3: Awareness and Sensitivity to Ethical Issues

Question 1

____________ models highlight the role of how various belief systems are understood rather than where they originate.

A) Developmental
B) Moral
C) Cognitive
D) Social

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Ethical decisions based on these ideologies are based on context and not necessarily on principles that cut across situations.

A) Cognitive
B) Moral
C) Ethical
D) Expedient

Answer 2

D

Question 3

___________, empathy involves the sharing of emotions and feelings of others.

A) psychologically
B) cognitively
C) affectively
D) socially

Answer 3

C

Question 4

___________ (1957) first introduced cognitive dissonance theory, which states that when there is a difference between cognitions and behavior, there is dissonance and discomfort.

A) Festinger
B) Bazemore
C) Erikson
D) Wright

Question 5

Traditionally, the processes involved with moral sensitivity were defined primarily as ___________ and were focused on how an individual consciously attends to the moral features of a situation.

A) cognitive
B) social
C) behavioral
D) psychological

Question 6

The idea of commitment to an organization for counselors and therapists may be interpreted as a commitment to a professional organization such as the ________.

A) ASW
B) ACA
C) APA
D) AMA

Question 7

________motivation is closely associated with empathy.

A) altruistic
B) selfish
C) egocentric
D) insensitive

Question 8

Kurtines and Gewirtz proposed that acts of ethical behavior _______ future likelihood of such behavior because they increasingly establish the self and ethical identity.

A) reduce
B) do not effect
C) decrease
D) increase

Question 9

One hypothesis of the_____________ theory is "There exists, in the human organism, a drive to evaluate his opinions and his abilities".

A) social discord
B) cognitive dissonance
C) developmental
D) social comparison

Question 10

___________is characterized as both a cognitive and an affective process.

A) consideration
B) compassion
C) sympathy
D) empathy

Question 11

____________ models note the links between a developing understanding of ethical consideration and the perceived importance and interpretation of various values and beliefs.

A) Developmental
B) Moral
C) Cognitive
D) Social

Question 12

Counselors/therapists can use cognitive dissonance theory by attending to feelings or thoughts of ___________ between cognitions and behaviors.

A) incongruence
B) congruence
C) similarity
D) correspondence

Question 13

Key in the definition of principled ideologies is the idea of _____________.

A) social support
B) connections
C) commitment
D) associations

Question 14

One theory that explains how ethical motivation may function can be found in:

A) cognitive motivation theory
B) social relation theory
C) cognitive dissonance theory
D) social motivation theory

Question 15

Narvaez and Vaydich (2008) noted that an "___________" involved emotional affiliation with others or an ethic of caring based on relationships.

A) Ethic of Commitment
B) Social Engagement
C) Ethic of Engagement
D) Emotional Engagement

Question 16

___________ (1957) was the first to introduce the theory of social comparison.

A) Festinger
B) Bazemore
C) Erikson
D) Wright

Question 17

An integrated system of beliefs, values, standards, and self-images that define the individual's orientation toward matters of right or wrong is known as:

A) Cognitive ideology
B) Moral ideology
C) Ethical ideology
D) Expedient ideology

Question 18

Goetz, Keltner, and Simon-Thomas (2010) defined __________ as "the feeling that arises in witnessing another's suffering and that motivates a subsequent desire
To help"

A) beneficence
B) compassion
C) justice
D) empathy

Question 19

The counselor's commitment to ethical philosophical theories is essential to developing a professional _______________.

A) Social identity
B) Ethical identity
C) Collective identity
D) Shared identity

Question 20

__________, empathy involves understanding the emotions of others.

A) psychologically
B) cognitively
C) affectively
D) socially

Question 21

Ethical sensitivity is influenced by personal characteristics beyond training and education.

Question 22

Haidt (2001) has championed the idea that emotions and intuitions are actually the driving force in much of an individual's ________ life.

A) spiritual
B) moral
C) social
D) psychological

Question 23

Discuss the idea of commitment and how it impacts adherence to professional ethical codes.

Question 24

Researchers have found that cognitive dissonance serves as motivation.

Question 25

Define "ethical sensitivity".

Question 26

Some researchers suggested that ______ model is incomplete as it does not truly incorporate the powerful role of noncognitive intuitions and associated emotions.

A) Erikson's
B) Kohlberg's
C) Freud's
D) Jung's

Question 27

Perceived moral violations are associated with strong emotions such as shame, disgust, or anger.

Question 28

List and discuss three out of the nine hypotheses of the theory of social comparison.

Question 29

In Hoffman's view, empathy has its roots in emotional reactions to others.

Question 30

High scorers on Volker's moral sensitivity measure were independently rated as less effective counselors.

Question 31

When dissonance is present, the individual is comfortable.

Question 32

Discuss cognitive dissonance and how it impacts motivation.

Question 33

In Haidt's view, cognitive processes provide the language by which we interpret our behaviors but are not the processes used to construct moral actions. This is called the:

A) community intuitionist model
B) psychological intuitionist model
C) cognitive intuitionist model
D) social intuitionist model

Question 34

Researchers have noted that moral sensitivity is somewhat a function of empathic ability.

Question 35

Hauser (2006) saw moral intuitions as evidence for a moral grammar that provides humans with a rudimentary system that primes human cooperation.

Question 36

____________, according to Rest, involves the influence of values and beliefs, and these an originate from comparison with others' views.

A) Moral motivation
B) Moral enthusiasm
C) Cognitive motivation
D) Cognitive enthusiasm

Question 37

When one reasons about a moral issue, it is usually emotionally neutral.

Question 38

One's motivation to act in a way that is consistent with one's ethical understanding is _______ to understanding the conditions under which ethical action occurs.

A) not important
B) central
C) somewhat important
D) never important

Question 39

Ethical sensitivity is not associated with advanced empathy.

Question 40

Discuss how empathy may impact ethical motivation.