Deck 5: General Ethical Perspectives

Question 1

Ethical pluralism refers to

A) the absence of moral standards
B) the search for ethical diversity
C) the creation of ethical consensus
D) the combining of perspectives to resolve ethical problems

Answer 1

D

Question 2

______ is based on the premise that ethical choices should be based on their consequences.

A) Altruism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Functionism
D) Pragmatism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are applications of Kant's perspective EXCEPT:

A) be duty-bound
B) moral obligations may conflict with one another
C) always ask yourself if you would want everyone to make the same choice
D) demonstrate respect for others

Answer 3

B

Question 4

______ followers see themselves in subordinate position.

A) Active
B) Proactive
C) Passive
D) Apathetic

Question 5

All of the following are cautions of pragmatism EXCEPT:

A) lacks a moral center
B) can lead to undesirable decisions
C) assures that communities will develop similar standards
D) measuring growth is difficult

Question 6

______ is integral to altruistic leadership.

A) Dramatic rehearsal
B) Ethical behavior
C) Social relationships
D) Self-sacrifice

Question 7

From a ______ perspective, businesses and other organizations function as moral communities in which members have a significant voice in the rules and policies that govern them.

A) pluralistic
B) Kantian
C) self-sacrificing
D) pragmatic

Question 8

______ is a central value of Confucianism.

A) Humility
B) Benevolence
C) Compassion
D) Humbleness

Question 9

______ argued that ethical dilemmas should be approached scientifically as well.

A) Immanuel Kant
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) Gandhi
D) John Dewey

Question 10

______ followers do not wait to be asked.

A) Engaged
B) Dynamic
C) Proactive
D) Active

Question 11

Which philosopher is associated with utilitarianism?

A) Immanuel Kant
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) The Dalai Lama
D) John Dewey

Question 12

______ emphasized that individual growth is the ultimate goal of moral decision-making.

A) Kant
B) Ghandi
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 13

All of the following are applications of utilitarianism EXCEPT:

A) build on your prior experience
B) set personal interests aside
C) carefully examine the outcomes of your decisions
D) there may be unanticipated outcomes

Question 14

Team building is an example of ______ type of altruistic behavior.

A) individual-focused
B) group-focused
C) organizational-focused
D) societal-focused

Question 15

______ followers believe it is important to express their opinions and to offer input to their leaders when asked. a. Engaged
B) Dynamic
C) Proactive
D) Active

Question 16

In ______, people are never a means to an end; they are the ends.

A) altruism
B) utilitarianism
C) functionism
D) pragmatism

Question 17

Paternalistic leadership is popular in all of the following areas of the world EXCEPT:

A) Latin America
B) The United States
C) Mexico
D) Turkey

Question 18

The term ______ means "without exception."

A) altruistic
B) empathetic
C) categorical
D) self-sacrifice

Question 19

In ______, decision-makers conduct a series of imaginary thought experiments to visualize how their decisions could turn out.

A) dramatic rehearsal
B) ethical behavior
C) social relationships
D) self-sacrifice

Question 20

Concern for others promotes healthy ______.

A) social relationships
B) engaged learners
C) conversation
D) activity

Question 21

Pragmatism was the dominant philosophical movement in the United States from the Civil War through World War II.

Question 22

Utilitarian analysis can also be used when choosing between two negative alternatives.

Question 23

______ altruistic behaviors include making contributions to promote social welfare, reducing pollution, ensuring product safety, and maintaining customer satisfaction.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 24

______ was the dominant philosophical movement in the United States from the Civil War through World War II.

A) Altruism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Functionism
D) Pragmatism

Question 25

______ argued that people should do what is morally right no matter the consequences.

A) Kant
B) Ghandi
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 26

One of the cautions of pragmatism lacks a ______.

A) moral center
B) moral reason
C) moral landscape
D) moral compass

Question 27

Utilitarianism seeks to minimize harm for the greatest number of people.

Question 28

______ altruistic behaviors include providing training, technical assistance, and mentoring.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 29

According to ______, each person has an equal right to the same basic liberties that are compatible with similar liberties for all.

A) Rawls
B) Kant
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 30

Utilitarian decision-makers almost always reach the same conclusions when faced with the same dilemma.

Question 31

Altruism appears to be a universal value.

Question 32

______ altruistic attitudes and actions include demonstrating commitment and loyalty, protecting organizational resources, and whistleblowing.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 33

One of the cautions of utilitarianism is that there may be unanticipated consequences.

Question 34

______ argued that we should never treat people as a means to an end.

A) Kant
B) Gandhi
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 35

______ altruistic behaviors include team building, participative group decision-making, and minority advancement programs.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 36

All of the following are components of Virginia Held's model EXCEPT:

A) focuses on the importance of noting and meeting the needs of those we are responsible for.
B) values emotions.
C) specific needs and relationships take priority above universal principles.
D) values integrity

Question 37

Deontological ethicists argue that we ought to make choices based on our duties.

Question 38

Jeremy Bentham is one of the theorists associated with altruism.

Question 39

John Dewey was a spokesperson for utilitarianism.

Question 40

According to ______, what is right for one is right for all.

A) Rawls
B) Kant
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 41

Taking a pragmatic approach is inflexible.

Question 42

Name and explain Rawls's principles of justice.

Question 43

Describe the applications of pragmatism.

Question 44

Discuss the four steps for conducting a utilitarian analysis of an ethical problem.

Question 45

Discuss Virginia Held's five key components of the care ethic.

Question 46

As a state legislator you've been asked to vote in favor of allowing cancer and glaucoma patients to smoke marijuana. Take a utilitarian approach to this decision by recording the potential costs and benefits of legalizing the medical use of pot. Based on your analysis, how would you vote?

Question 47

One caution is that Rawl's principles can only be applied to democratic societies.

Question 48

Explain why altruism is more important to leaders than followers.

Question 49

Describe the Good Samaritan in terms of altruism?

Question 50

What is "the veil of ignorance?"

Question 51

Do Rawls's principles of justice provide the best way to deal with inequalities in society? Defend your position.

Question 52

As a follower, how can you resist bad leaders?

Question 53

List the "cautions" of Kant's perspective.

Question 54

Describe the applications of utilitarianism.

Question 55

Describe the applications of altruism

Question 56

One caution of altruism is that the extent of obligations is a little too clear.

Question 57

Compare utilitarianism to the categorical imperative. Identify their similarities as well as their differences.

Question 58

Caregivers can get caught up in empathy and deny their own needs.

Question 59

Describe, as a leader, how you would use a pragmatic approach to leading others. What are the cautions involved with pragmatism and how would you combat these cautions?