Deck 11: Managing Change and Innovation

Question 1

The horizontal linkage model is increasingly important in high pressure business environments that require rapidly developing and commercializing products and services.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Productive innovation refers to innovations in products, services, or processes that radically change an industry's rules of the game for producers and consumers.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An idea incubator is in-house program that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Centralization and short time horizon are primarily used by creative organizations.

Question 5

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as exploration.

Question 6

Creativity is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization.

Question 7

An approach to innovation that emphasizes shared development of innovations among several departments is referred to as the horizontal linkage model.

Question 8

A unit that is separate from the mainstream of the organization and is responsible for developing and initiating innovations is called a new-venture team.

Question 9

The acceptance of mistakes, the freedom to discuss ideas, and the assignment of nonspecialists to problems are characteristics of creative organizations or departments.

Question 10

A person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization is called an idea champion.

Question 11

An ambidextrous approach means incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and for the systematic implementation of innovations.

Question 12

Research shows that managers in creative companies avoid risk and experimentation.

Question 13

Exploration is the aspect of product and technology innovation that involves creating mechanisms to make sure new ideas are carried forward, accepted, and implemented.

Question 14

Skunkworks are a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.

Question 15

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as cooperation.

Question 16

Technology change involves the hierarchy of authority, goals, administrative procedures, and managerial systems.

Question 17

Confrontation, authoritarianism, and disciplined exploration are characteristics of the creative individuals.

Question 18

If organizations don't successfully change and innovate, they die.

Question 19

A product change is a change in the organization's product or service outputs.

Question 20

Organizational change refers to the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.

Question 21

Change, according to Kurt Lewin, is a result of the competition between forced and unforced fields.

Question 22

Managers and employees that are most involved in an innovation or potential change are often those that seem to prefer the status quo.

Question 23

Survey feedback enhances the cohesiveness and success of organizational groups and teams.

Question 24

Training is one of the most frequently used approaches to changing people's mindsets.

Question 25

Large cost savings from reduced inventories and labor savings by needing fewer workers to handle inventory can be driving forces associated with the implementation of just-in-time inventory control systems.

Question 26

After the need for change has been perceived, the next part of the change process is implementing change.

Question 27

Culture change pertains to the whole organization.

Question 28

Culture change refers to a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mindset of the entire organization.

Question 29

Organizational development involves the application of behavioral science techniques to improve an organization's effectiveness and success.

Question 30

Mergers/acquisitions, organizational decline, and conflict management are the three types of current problems that organizational development managers face.

Question 31

In the unfreezing step, participants must be made aware of problems and be willing to change.

Question 32

The three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change with organizational development are planning, changing,and stabilizing.

Question 33

Reasons employees resist change include self-interest, lack of understanding and trust, uncertainty, and different assessments and goals.

Question 34

Two specific tools that can smooth the change process include organizational development and programs for training and development.

Question 35

Lack of understanding or trust are the most common reasons for resistance to change.

Question 36

People change starts with training everyone in the organization.

Question 37

Three of the most popular and effective OD activities are team building, survey feedback, and large-group interventions.

Question 38

The idea in the large group intervention is to get a sample of people who may have an interest in the organization, gather perspectives from the selected parts of the system, and allow the sample to create a collective future.

Question 39

A change agent is an OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change.

Question 40

Refreezing is the reinforcement stage of organization development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization.

Question 41

Which of the following is a change in the manner in which an organization does its work?

A) Technology
B) Product
C) Entrepreneurship
D) Creativity
E) Incremental

Question 42

A _____ change is related to the organization production process.

A) new product
B) technological
C) structural
D) culture/people
E) competitive

Question 43

_____ refers to innovations in products, services, or processes that radically change an industry's rules of the game for producers and consumers.

A) Restructuring innovation
B) Trickle up innovation
C) Productive innovation
D) Disruptive innovation
E) Reverse innovation

Question 44

When a change involves multiple departments, top management support is especially important.

Question 45

The generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization is called _____.

A) a search initiative
B) creativity
C) an ideal champion
D) a great idea
E) strategic analysis

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative individual?

A) Conceptual fluency
B) Undisciplined exploration
C) Persistence and focused approach
D) Authorization and dependent
E) All of these are characteristic of a creative individual

Question 47

The communication and education approach for overcoming resistance to change should be used when the change is technical and the users need accurate information and analysis to understand change.

Question 48

Successful change requires that organizations be capable of both creating and implementing ideas, which means the organization must learn to be _____.

A) cordial
B) rightsized
C) ambidextrous
D) compliant
E) intra-focused

Question 49

Creative organizations:

A) are characterized by an unusually high number of routine jobs.
B) are loosely structured.
C) have little ambiguity.
D) have too many layers of management.
E) use a centralized decision making approach.

Question 50

Which of the following refers to the generation of novel solutions to perceived problems?

A) Problem solving
B) Organizational development
C) Creativity
D) Brainstorming
E) Perceived solution

Question 51

All of the following are critical innovation strategies for changing products and technologies EXCEPT _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) innovation roles
D) risk propensity
E) all of these are critical innovation strategies

Question 52

The adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization is known as organizational _____.

A) change.
B) development.
C) structure.
D) intervention.
E) responsibility.

Question 53

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 54

Artful Innovations Inc. operates with open channels of communication and an established suggestion system that encourages brainstorming and freewheeling discussions. Artful Innovations can best be described as a(n)_____ type of organization.

A) experimental organization
B) cooperative organization
C) entrepreneurial organization
D) disruptive organization
E) creative organization

Question 55

An example of an organizational would be:

A) the switch to a new production method.
B) the decision to offer a new product line.
C) the introductions of a new pay for performance system.
D) all of these.
E) the switch to a new production method or the decision to offer a new product line.

Question 56

For the compact disc industry, the advent of MP3 technology can best be described as what type of innovation?

A) Disruptive innovation
B) Service innovation
C) Productive innovation
D) Restructuring innovation
E) Reverse innovation

Question 57

The disparity between existing and desired performance levels is the need for change.

Question 58

All of the following are characteristics of creative individuals EXCEPT _____.

A) originality
B) playfulness
C) curiosity
D) dependence
E) open-mindedness

Question 59

_____ change is a change in the organization's product or service outputs.

A) Technology
B) Product
C) Entrepreneurship
D) Creative
E) Incremental

Question 60

Two possible tactics for overcoming resistance to change are coercion and negotiation.

Question 61

Which of the following describes a person who is passionately committed to a new product of idea despite rejection by others?

A) An idea champion
B) A sponsor
C) A new-venture team
D) A skunkwork
E) An investor

Question 62

Which of the following provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics?

A) An idea champion
B) A sponsor
C) A new-venture team
D) An idea incubator
E) An inventor

Question 63

John has tremendous technical skills and frequently comes up with valuable ideas. However, he has clueless about how to promote it within the organization. John is a good example of a(n)_____ .

A) inventor.
B) idea champion.
C) sponsor.
D) critic.
E) an in-transition employee.

Question 64

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) innovation roles
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 65

Which of the following is a person who sees the need for and fights for productive change in an organization?

A) A creative individual
B) A catalyst
C) An idea champion
D) A sponsor
E) A critic

Question 66

Ashley has average technical skills but her real strengths lay in visualizing the benefits of other's ideas and in finding financial and political support for these ideas. Ashley is an excellent example of a(n) _____.

A) critic.
B) sponsor.
C) idea champion.
D) inventor.
E) bureaucrat.

Question 67

Innovation requires the coordination that occurs with the _____ .

A) top-down approach
B) bottom-up approach
C) horizontal linkage model
D) time-based approach
E) vertical approach

Question 68

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 69

The horizontal linkage model is best applied to a:

A) low pressure environment.
B) stable environment.
C) environment that requires speed.
D) customer service environment.
E) manufacturing environment.

Question 70

Which of the following means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry?

A) An idea champion
B) Open innovation
C) A new-venture team
D) An idea incubator
E) An inventor

Question 71

A fund providing resources from which individuals and groups draw to develop new ideas, products, or businesses is referred to as a _____.

A) personal fund
B) development fund
C) new-venture fund
D) change fund
E) mutual fund

Question 72

Which variation of new venture teams is described as a small separate, informal, highly autonomous, and often selective group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business?

A) An idea champion
B) A sponsor
C) A new-venture team
D) A skunkwork
E) An inventor

Question 73

Shared development of innovations among several departments is emphasized by the _____ approach to innovation

A) vertical
B) horizontal linkage model
C) top down
D) bottom-up
E) diagonal

Question 74

"The Brain" is a permanent secret group within one of the nation's largest auto manufacturers. Members of this elite group focus intently on developing new and innovative automobile technologies. "The Brain" can best be described as what type of group or team?

A) Cross-functional team
B) Fast-cycle team
C) Brainstorming team
D) Skunkwork
E) New-venture team

Question 75

Cooltown University recently invited members of its social network group to enter a contest on YouTune to design the best video promoting the university. This is an example of what innovative approach?

A) Social group innovation
B) Network innovation
C) Techsourcing
D) Crowdsourcing
E) Insourcing

Question 76

The _____ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization responsible for the development of a major innovation.

A) new product group
B) matrix group
C) new-venture team
D) vertical group
E) change team

Question 77

All of the following are characteristics of creative organizations EXCEPT_____.

A) use of teams
B) risk taking norms
C) centralization
D) long term horizon.
E) loose controls

Question 78

The role of the _____ is to prevent people in other roles from adopting a bad idea.

A) critic
B) inventor
C) sponsor
D) ombudsman
E) obstructionist

Question 79

Vivian is a vice-president of marketing, which is far removed from the research and development department. However, she keeps a close eye on what is happening in R & D and tries to support good ideas whenever she can by removing unnecessary organizational obstacles. Vivian is a good example of a(n)_____.

A) inventor
B) sponsor
C) critic
D) idea champion
E) none of these

Question 80

Which of the following is(are) important role(s) to be played during the process of organizational change?

A) The idea champion
B) The critic
C) The sponsor
D) Inventor
E) All of these