Deck 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture

Question 1

Daren believes that there is no self, that the self is impermanent. Which Buddhist idea does this represent?

A) hishkama karma
B) anatta
C) detachment
D) nirvana

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sopal has detached himself from craving and has taken on the role of compassionate teacher. Which of the Four Noble Truths is he displaying?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth

Answer 2

C

Question 3

We are often ignorant of the true nature of things, also called the

A) karma.
B) dharma.
C) duhka.
D) delusion.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Buddhism, what is the higher stage of consciousness called?

A) enlightenment
B) actualization
C) self-actualization
D) ego-integrity

Question 5

According to Buddhism, the origin of suffering is

A) humanity itself.
B) early life experiences
C) detachment.
D) attachment.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

A) suffering
B) attachment
C) detachment
D) retachment

Question 7

Which of the following is a kind of desire listed in Buddhism?

A) desire for sensory pleasure
B) desire to continue to exist
C) desire for annihilation
D) all of these

Question 8

Buddhism traces its roots back about _____ years.

A) 1000
B) 1500
C) 2500
D) 5000

Question 9

The word buddha means

A) priest.
B) awakened one.
C) wise one.
D) intelligent.

Question 10

Buddhism seeks to foster healthy growth by emphasizing

A) individual differences.
B) judgmental acceptance of differences.
C) the unchanging ways of humanity.
D) universal potentialities in the human condition.

Question 11

Early Western psychologists were influenced by Buddhism, including

A) William James.
B) B. F. Skinner.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Albert Bandura.

Question 12

Which is true about the Dalai Lama's attitude toward Western science?

A) He is open to science, but rejects the idea that biology is the cause of mental processes.
B) He says that science and Buddhism cannot mix.
C) He rejects science as an attachment to the self.
D) He is ambivalent about Western science.

Question 13

Jim is in emotional pain and disharmony. Which of the Four Noble Truths is he experiencing?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth

Question 14

Nirvana is

A) the goal of spiritual development.
B) one of the Four Noble Truths.
C) a Buddhist concept of self.
D) a technique to achieve enlightenment.

Question 15

The Buddhist way to deal with suffering is to

A) allow into consciousness
B) feel sorry for oneself
C) avoid the pain.
D) continually push it aside.

Question 16

The Dalai Lama has achieved a higher stage of consciousness by following the Eightfold path. Buddhists call this status

A) enlightenment.
B) actualization.
C) self-actualization.
D) ego-integrity.

Question 17

This type of Buddhism is found particularly in Japan that uses koans to overcome limitations of thought.

A) Mahayana Buddhism
B) Spiritism Buddhism
C) Siddhartha Buddhism
D) Zen Buddhism

Question 18

Which empirical practice does Buddhism rely the most on?

A) experimental designs
B) correlational designs
C) factor analysis
D) self-observation

Question 19

The method of achieving an end of suffering described in the Fourth Noble Truth is called

A) detachment.
B) thought-action orientation.
C) meditation.
D) the Eightfold Path.

Question 20

Studying a culture from its own point a view is called a(n) _____ approach.

A) etic
B) emic
C) forced etic
D) universal

Question 21

What does Buddhism say about the connection between the mind and the body?

A) The two are separate.
B) The mind causes problems in the body, but the body does not influence the mind.
C) The two are inseparable.
D) The body causes problems in the mind, but the mind does not influence the body.

Question 22

Research has demonstrated that meditation improves

A) perceptual attention.
B) vocabulary.
C) mathematical ability.
D) musical ability.

Question 23

Vanessa has experienced a transformation from ordinary consciousness to a state of being wherein she recognizes the true nature of things and the path to spiritual progress. In Buddhist terms, what has Vanessa experienced?

A) identity achievement
B) actualization
C) detachment
D) awakening

Question 24

According to Buddhism, which of the following emotions can interfere with one's accurate perception of reality?

A) anger
B) love
C) passion
D) all of these

Question 25

Brain scans done on people meditating revealed an increase in _____ waves.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) phi
D) delta

Question 26

_____ is defined as any form of spiritual practice.

A) Guru
B) Yoga
C) Karma
D) Koan

Question 27

Buddhism explains prejudice and violence as

A) an attachment to self.
B) an attachment to difference.
C) a detachment from compassion.
D) resulting from one's caste.

Question 28

Eric is a selfish thief. According to Buddhism, what will he likely be reborn as?

A) a human
B) a jealous anti-god
C) a god
D) an animal

Question 29

Chu-Chih is practicing meditation. While doing so he allows thoughts to appear as they will and observes them without judgment. What type of meditation is he practicing?

A) suhka meditation
B) bhakti meditation
C) concentrative meditation
D) mindfulness meditation

Question 30

Before his enlightenment Siddhartha came to need the help of others to achieve his enlightenment. This is an example of the importance of

A) community.
B) self-focus.
C) attachment.
D) karma.

Question 31

In Buddhism, compassion comes from

A) empathic concern.
B) realizing that there is no separate self - other's suffering is your own suffering.
C) individual desires to show others the path to wellness.
D) a desire to move up in status in the rebirth.

Question 32

A Buddhist might explain depression as a form of suffering caused by

A) the overemphasis of the self.
B) early life experiences.
C) negative thought patterns.
D) physiological factors.

Question 33

Karma refers to

A) intentional, willful activity.
B) good or bad consequences for our actions.
C) detachment.
D) the selfless ideal of Buddhism.

Question 34

What would a Buddhist say about the connection between thought and behavior?

A) Thought is not important in behavior.
B) Our thoughts are consequences of our behavior.
C) Behavior is produced by thought and intention.
D) The two are unrelated.

Question 35

Buddhist meditation is used to

A) enhance serenity.
B) enhance well-being.
C) focus attention.
D) all of these

Question 36

The type of yoga that disciplines the body through exercises and postures is called

A) Bhakti yoga
B) Hatha yoga
C) Karma yoga
D) Jnana yoga

Question 37

Brutus is constantly angry, aggressive, and retaliates against his enemies. Buddhism would describe Brutus as being in

A) sukha.
B) the self realm.
C) the hell realm.
D) nirvana.

Question 38

Research on meditation has shown that it can elicit improvement in

A) perceptual attention.
B) creativity.
C) practical intelligence.
D) all of these

Question 39

The Transcendental Meditation program proposed that there are _____ distinct states of consciousness.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 40

According to Buddhism, consequences for behavior are called

A) karma.
B) vipaka.
C) hishkama
D) dharma

Question 41

Meditation has been found to be helpful with which of the following conditions?

A) Anxiety
B) Criminal behavior
C) High cholesterol
D) all of these

Question 42

In a classic study of Zen meditators, a clicking sound was periodically made while the participants meditated. What was the finding of this study?

A) The meditators easily blocked out the sound.
B) The meditators had difficulty blocking out the sound and were annoyed by it.
C) The meditators experienced every clicking sound as a separate, new experience.
D) There was no difference in how long-time meditators reacted to the sound compared to novice meditators.

Question 43

The Dalai Lama is an example of the trait compassionate.

Question 44

Buddhism understands addiction as _____.

A) a jealous ego
B) adaptive
C) detachment from others
D) an unhealthy craving

Question 45

Uri has been meditating for many years. What is likely true about his psychological state?

A) He has higher moral reasoning skills.
B) He has a constant identity crisis.
C) He lacks coping skills.
D) He has low levels of ego development

Question 46

Meditation can lead to psychological improvements including which of the following?

A) better ego development
B) higher levels of moral development.
C) more mature ego defense mechanisms
D) all of these

Question 47

Which of the f ollowing describes the relationship between Buddhism and science?

A) Buddhism is receptive to and cooperative with science.
B) Science rejects the proposals of Buddhism.
C) Buddhism does not wish to associate with science.
D) There has been little interaction between Buddhism and science.

Question 48

Buddhism describes _____ moments of perception.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 17
D) 25

Question 49

Buddhism emphasizes continual development, even across different lives.

Question 50

The story of the blind men touching different parts of an elephant and each concluding it is a different animal demonstrates the potential problems of _____.

A) sensation
B) perception
C) meditation
D) yoga

Question 51

Your text describes emotional reaction as one of the moments of perception of Buddhism and likens it to _____ in Western psychology.

A) psychoanalytic defense mechanisms.
B) self-actualization.
C) irrational thought patterns.
D) basic levels of needs.

Question 52

Some scientists believe that the sense of detachment associated with meditation may be caused by release of

A) endogenous opioids.
B) serotonin.
C) dopamine.
D) GABA.

Question 53

What is true regarding brain-imaging studies examining how participants process emotional stimuli?

A) Participants instructed to think negatively about a picture had decreased activity in the amygdala even after the picture was removed.
B) Thinking positively or negatively in processing emotional picture had little impact on the brain.
C) Participants instructed to think negatively about a picture had elevated activity in the amygdala even after the picture was removed.
D) none of these

Question 54

Attending to the first levels in the moments of perception (those things that are below traditional levels of conscious attention) is called _____.

A) pure awareness
B) focused awareness
C) perceptual yearning
D) anatta

Question 55

Brain research on various types of meditation shows changes in which part of the brain?

A) thalamus
B) basal ganglia
C) frontal lobe
D) all of these

Question 56

Aspects of meditation have been incorporated into Dialectical Behavior Therapy used to treat people with _____.

A) schizophrenia
B) anxiety disorders
C) borderline personality disorder
D) depression

Question 57

_____ means that with repetition the same stimulus no longer triggers a response that it once did.

A) Anatta
B) Delayed gratification
C) Mindfulness
D) Habituation

Question 58

What behavior is associated with the Buddhist term "Hungry ghosts"?

A) paranoia
B) addiction
C) pride
D) anger

Question 59

Meditation by therapists can help reduce _____.

A) burnout
B) empathy
C) listening ability
D) cognitive skills

Question 60

Some of the benefits of _____ include lowered heart rate, increase immune system functioning, and lower levels of cortisol.

A) psychological repression
B) the split consciousness task
C) conscious focusing
D) meditation

Question 61

Siddhartha Gautama is the name of the person that started Buddhism.

Question 62

Buddhism has roots in Hinduism.

Question 63

Buddhists define happiness as momentary pleasure.

Question 64

The concept of compassion in Buddhism is similar to the concept of love in Western psychology.

Question 65

According to Buddhism, one individual meditating on peace cannot impact peace around the world.

Question 66

Empirical research in Buddhism relies heavily on self-observation.

Question 67

Buddhism and psychology have similar goals and similar approaches to those goals.

Question 68

The idea of dependent origination in Buddhism means that we should be dependent on ourselves.

Question 69

Nirvana is the annihilation of all selfhood and attachments and is the goal of development..

Question 70

Buddhism teaches that the self is impermanent.

Question 71

Detachment from craving is the Third Noble Truth.

Question 72

The Eightfold Path is also called the Middle Way.

Question 73

Buddhism dictates that followers accept the teachings of Buddhist dogma.

Question 74

The word Karma is often used incorrectly to refer to both one's actions and the consequences for those actions.

Question 75

Buddhism's concept of aggression is similar to Horney's concept of moving against.

Question 76

The mind and body are distinct entities in Buddhism.

Question 77

Buddhists deny the possibility of rebirth.

Question 78

One kind of Buddhist practice uses puzzles to challenge our logic, this practice is called a koan.

Question 79

Buddhists seek to block all suffering from consciousness while experiencing the First Noble Truth.

Question 80

Enlightenment follows after awakening in Buddhism.