Deck 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 1

In what area did Horney most strongly disagree with psychoanalysis?

A) the importance of the unconscious
B) the importance of early experience
C) the role of sexual conflict in personality
D) the importance of the parent-child relationship

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A person who adopts the "resignation solution" is a(n)

A) moving toward type person.
B) moving against type person.
C) moving away type person.
D) emotionally well balanced person.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which word best summarizes the attitude of the psychoanalytic community toward Horney?

A) jealousy
B) admiration
C) hostility
D) gratitude

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The experience of basic anxiety is the feeling of being __________ in a potentially helpless world.

A) armed and dangerous
B) loved but challenged
C) isolated and helpless
D) responsible and in charge

Question 5

According to the text, Marilyn Monroe fits the pattern of a person with

A) excessive self-control.
B) a "moving away" type personality.
C) womb envy.
D) a neurotic need for affection.

Question 6

Horney described the child as experiencing the emotion of __________, which cannot be expressed because of parents' power.

A) anxiety
B) love
C) pride
D) hostility

Question 7

People who adopt the expansive solution are seeking

A) self-actualization.
B) love.
C) freedom.
D) mastery and/or power.

Question 8

People who adopt the resignation solution are seeking

A) love.
B) self-actualization.
C) freedom.
D) mastery.

Question 9

According to Horney, people who are compliant with others' needs, constantly seeking affection and approval, are

A) high in social interest.
B) likely to be aware of their own hostility.
C) disproportionately focused on "moving toward".
D) emotionally healthy.

Question 10

According to Horney, the two most important emotions in infancy which help understand later development are

A) hope and trust.
B) anxiety and hostility.
C) depression and joy.
D) fear and love.

Question 11

A person who adopts the "self-effacing solution"

A) is mentally healthy.
B) is a "moving toward" type person.
C) is a "moving away" type person.
D) is a "moving against" type person.

Question 12

People who adopt the self-effacing solution are seeking

A) love.
B) mastery.
C) freedom.
D) self-actualization.

Question 13

A person who adopts the "expansive solution" is a(n)

A) moving toward type person.
B) moving against type person.
C) moving away type person.
D) emotionally healthy person.

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the three interpersonal orientations described by Horney?

A) moving against
B) moving away
C) moving alongside
D) moving toward

Question 15

Parental neglect and rejection makes a child angry according to Horney, leading to a dilemma for the child as to whether to express their anger or not. Horney called this

A) Basic evil
B) Basic anxiety
C) Basic hostility
D) Basic conflict

Question 16

The analyst whom Horney consulted for her own therapy was trained in the __________ tradition.

A) Rogerian
B) behavioral
C) Adlerian
D) Freudian

Question 17

What social change had a major impact on Horney's life?

A) the rise of Nazi forces
B) increasing religious conflict
C) increasing opportunities for women
D) the decline of agriculture

Question 18

Which interpersonal orientation(s) does a healthy person use, according to Horney?

A) moving toward, but not against or away
B) moving away, but not toward or against
C) moving against, but not toward or away
D) moving toward, against, and away

Question 19

Marilyn Monroe's exaggerated concern for suffering animals is interpreted by the text according to the defense mechanism of __________.

A) compartmentalization
B) externalization
C) elusiveness
D) rationalization

Question 20

According to Horney, competing to do well in your career is often a sign of

A) aggression.
B) love.
C) self-actualization.
D) dependency.

Question 21

The "detached" personality is related to

A) The self-effacing solution
B) The expansive solution
C) Resignation (solution)
D) None of the above

Question 22

Which two interpersonal orientations use the basic adjustment strategy of eclipsing?

A) moving toward and moving against
B) moving toward and moving away
C) moving against and moving away
D) none of the above

Question 23

A very high degree of emphasis on the idealized self is, according to Horney,

A) a sign of mental health.
B) typical of men but not of women.
C) typical of women but not of men.
D) neurotic.

Question 24

According to Horney, detached personality types seem to live by the motto

A) "If you love me, you will not hurt me."
B) "If I have power, no one can hurt me."
C) "If I do my best, nothing can hurt me."
D) "If I withdraw, nothing can hurt me."

Question 25

Horney used the term __________ to refer to projection of inner conflicts onto the outside world.

A) detachment
B) transference
C) moving away
D) externalization

Question 26

A "moving away" type person uses the major adjustment strategy of

A) eclipsing.
B) detachment.
C) externalization.
D) compensation.

Question 27

In Horney's view, a neurotic person is alienated from the __________ self.

A) idealized
B) real
C) actual
D) physical

Question 28

The appeal of mastery is related to

A) The self-effacing solution
B) The expansive solution
C) Resignation (solution)
D) None of the above

Question 29

A healthy person, according to Horney,

A) moves toward people.
B) moves against people.
C) moves away from people.
D) all of the above

Question 30

The "aggressive" personality is related to

A) The self-effacing solution
B) The expansive solution
C) Resignation (solution)
D) None of the above

Question 31

The "compliant" personality is related to

A) The self-effacing solution
B) The expansive solution
C) Resignation (solution)
D) None of the above

Question 32

The appeal of love is related to

A) The self-effacing solution
B) The expansive solution
C) Resignation (solution)
D) None of the above

Question 33

Horney's expansive personality type corresponds to a profile of people who are at risk for

A) cancer.
B) AIDS.
C) heart disease.
D) accidents.

Question 34

Turning away from the real self, with all its imperfections, is (according to Horney)

A) a sign of loss of contact with reality.
B) likely to prevent growth.
C) characteristic of "moving away" type people, but not the other types.
D) all of the above

Question 35

According to Horney, a person with low self-esteem is not in healthy contact with the

A) idealized self
B) orientation toward people
C) real self
D) body

Question 36

Which of the following is not one of Horney's "major attempts at solution"?

A) eclipsing the conflict
B) detachment
C) externalization
D) rationalization

Question 37

The appeal of freedom is related to

A) The self-effacing solution
B) The expansive solution
C) Resignation (solution)
D) None of the above

Question 38

Horney described some people as over-valuing the idealized self. The term for this is "the tyranny of the __________."

A) shoulds
B) idealized self
C) conscience
D) neurotic ideal

Question 39

The growth potential within a person belongs to the __________ (in Horney's theory).

A) actual self
B) idealized self
C) social self
D) real self

Question 40

If a child does not feel loved and safe, he / she feels vulnerable. The term used by Horney to describe this is

A) Basic evil
B) Basic anxiety
C) Basic hostility
D) Basic conflict

Question 41

Jerry thinks of himself as cheerful, but typically responds to "How are you?" with some gloomy answer. He is using the secondary adjustment technique called

A) elusiveness.
B) blind spots.
C) compartmentalizing.
D) arbitrary rightness.

Question 42

By using the defense mechanism of compartmentalization, people

A) become rigidly compulsive.
B) engage in incompatible behaviors, but each at a different time, in a different setting.
C) project their conflicts onto other people.
D) think they are always right.

Question 43

Blind spots prevent us from

A) detecting dangers in the world.
B) realizing how little our parents really loved us.
C) seeing our own faults.
D) experiencing jealousy.

Question 44

Horney described the primary neurotic conflict of her time as the conflict between

A) love and hate.
B) competitiveness and cooperation.
C) competitiveness and love.
D) men and women.

Question 45

Horney was particularly interested in the impact of culture on __________.

A) education
B) occupational choice
C) violence
D) gender roles Recommend changing to "gender roles" to fit changes in terminology in new edtion

Question 46

The major reason for personality differences between men and women, according to Horney, is

A) culture.
B) hormones.
C) genetics.
D) differences in education.

Question 47

According to Eagly's social role theory, differences between men and women can be explained in terms of

A) sex hormones.
B) cultural expectations.
C) physical strength.
D) intelligence.

Question 48

According to research by Brems and Johnson (1990), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory scale for Femininity is very highly correlated with a measure of

A) intelligence.
B) masochism.
C) interpersonal potency.
D) interpersonal sensitivity.

Question 49

Sometimes people are unaware that their behavior is blatantly incompatible with their idealized self image. What is this called?

A) projection
B) blind spots
C) arbitrary rightness
D) compartmentalizing

Question 50

Research (by Howard, Blumstein, & Schwartz, 1986) that included both heterosexual and homosexual couples found that __________ used supplication and manipulation to get their way in a relationship.

A) females, regardless of sexual orientation
B) males, regardless of sexual orientation
C) homosexuals
D) the less powerful partner, regardless of sexual orientation

Question 51

According to Horney, differences between males and females are

A) primarily due to biological causes.
B) primarily due to lack of communication.
C) primarily due to cultural forces.
D) not very great, when we really get to know people.

Question 52

In the defense mechanism of __________, a person gives socially acceptable reasons for behavior, though they may not be the true reasons.

A) self-control
B) self-presentation
C) elusiveness
D) rationalization

Question 53

Culture, according to Horney, encourages women to develop

A) fear of success.
B) fear of failure.
C) fear of relationships.
D) fear of men.

Question 54

People who never experience much emotion, whether anger, rage, sexual excitement, or other emotions, are probably __________, according to Horney.

A) mentally healthy
B) "moving against" types
C) using excessive self-control
D) using rationalization

Question 55

Leon rejects the idea of paying income tax, believing that paying taxes is for fools. What defense mechanism is he using?

A) elusiveness
B) arbitrary rightness
C) rationalization
D) cynicism

Question 56

People who use the defense mechanism of elusiveness

A) declare dogmatically that their position is the correct one.
B) tend to be artistic.
C) avoid commitment to any particular position.
D) deny moral values.

Question 57

What is externalized, according to Horney?

A) anger
B) self-contempt
C) oppression
D) all of the above

Question 58

According to Horney, the four major adjustment strategies

A) eliminate neurosis.
B) are signs of psychosis.
C) create the appearance of harmony without solving the neurotic problem.
D) are more commonly used by women than by men.

Question 59

Which one of the following is not a secondary adjustment technique?

A) cynicism
B) blind spots
C) elusiveness
D) the idealized self

Question 60

People who use the defense mechanism of arbitrary rightness

A) tend to be intelligent.
B) avoid conflict by declaring dogmatically that they are right.
C) do not commit themselves to any particular opinion.
D) doubt that they are correct.

Question 61

There would be less neurosis, according to Horney's theory, if

A) people ate more well-balanced diets.
B) parents loved their children more.
C) society were more permissive about sex.
D) schools were less rigidly structured.

Question 62

Research with parents and children, using Ainsworth's strategy of observing infants in the presence of a stranger,

A) is consistent with Horney's theory.
B) disconfirms Horney's theory.
C) shows that all infants are frightened of strangers.
D) shows that infants raised by neurotic parents prefer a stranger to their biological mothers.

Question 63

People who adopt the self-effacing solution are seeking to be loved.

Question 64

According to Horney, young children experience a fundamental conflict between dependency and
hostility.

Question 65

According to Horney's theory, we can conclude that most parents do not give their children enough

A) oral satisfaction.
B) love.
C) time.
D) guidance.

Question 66

Which of the following statements would Horney most likely reject regarding therapy?

A) Counselors can be biased in their work with clients because of their own ethnic background.
B) Counselors can be biased in their work with clients because of their own sexual orientation.
C) Therapists are uninfluenced by culture.
D) Analysis is valuable.

Question 67

The relational model would suggest that early relationships

A) Are important because children do not yet have a sense of themselves as separate persons
B) Are the basis for developing internal representations of self and others
C) Prepare individuals for the expectation of love or rejection from others
D) None of the above
E) All the above

Question 68

According to Westkott, psychologists should hesitate supporting the importance of relationships as a feminine value because

A) men value relationships as much as women do.
B) the effect of such a message is to make it more difficult for women to overcome the sex role stereotypes of culture.
C) women are, in fact, not very good at relationships.
D) discussions of sex differences make psychology too political.

Question 69

Cross-cultural research suggests that people value their achievement goals particularly in __________ cultures.

A) collectivist
B) individualistic
C) Latin American
D) traditional

Question 70

Research on the relationship between sex role orientation and mental health shows that

A) psychological masculinity is associated with higher mental health in men, but not in women.
B) psychological femininity is associated with higher mental health in women, but not in men.
C) psychological masculinity is associated with higher mental health in both sexes.
D) psychological femininity is associated with higher mental health in both sexes.

Question 71

In psychoanalysis, relationships are referred to as objects that can satisfy libidinal desires. The term often used for this is

A) Object permanence
B) Object relations
C) Object love
D) Object adoption

Question 72

Horney challenged the psychoanalytic idea that the unconscious has powerful effects on experience.

Question 73

According to the text, Marilyn Monroe's analyst apparently did not confront her neurotic needs as
Horney's theory suggests he should have.

Question 74

In response to Freud's assertion that women experience penis envy, Horney replied that

A) men also experience penis envy.
B) women outgrow penis envy when they get married.
C) men experience breast envy.
D) men experience womb envy.

Question 75

Research on adult attachment finds that

A) childhood attachment influences love relationships in adulthood.
B) childhood attachment does not predict adult attachment.
C) Horney's theory was fundamentally wrong about attachment.
D) attachment is important for understanding female personality, but not male personality.

Question 76

Some feminist theorists urge that "feminine" strengths such as __________ should be more positively valued.

A) independence.
B) aggression.
C) pornography.
D) empathy.

Question 77

Researchers report that men who are anxiously attached express __________ toward women in TAT stories.

A) love
B) dependency
C) violence
D) admiration

Question 78

Intrapersonal conflict is the basis of neurosis according to Horney.

Question 79

What did Rene Spitz observe about attachment in infants in orphanages?

A) Human touch and love was unimportant for the well-being of the infants.
B) Adequate food and medical care were all that was necessary for healthy development of the infants.
C) Infants became ill and some died without human touch and love, even with proper nutrition and medical care.
D) There is no relationship between attachment and well-being.

Question 80

Children are likely to grow up with secure attachment if their parents are

A) psychologically healthy.
B) warm and protective.
C) present in the home.
D) all of the above