Deck 12: Life in the Ocean

Question 1

The oxidation of inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide into carbohydrates is called:

A) photosynthesis.
B) chemosynthesis.
C) photoautotrophy.
D) evolution.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, the water becomes slightly more:

A) acidic; its pH is higher.
B) acidic; its pH is lower.
C) alkaline; its pH is higher.
D) alkaline; its pH is lower.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The requirements for photosynthesis include all of these EXCEPT:

A) light.
B) oxygen
C) nutrients.
D) pigments (chlorophyll).

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In photosynthesis, the energy of sunlight ultimately rests in:

A) carbon dioxide molecules.
B) the carbon-hydrogen bonds of carbohydrates.
C) oxygen molecules.
D) the oxygen-hydrogen bonds of water molecules.

Question 5

All other factors being equal, a greater quantity of dissolved gas can be held in solution in ____ seawater.

A) cold
B) warm
C) high salinity
D) low salinity

Question 6

A _______________ is a group of organisms linked by complex feeding relations.

A) species
B) food web
C) trophic pyramid
D) population

Question 7

The movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration is called:

A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) active transport.
D) chemosynthesis.

Question 8

The zone of lighted ocean where marine autotrophs are able to thrive is called:

A) the disphotic zone.
B) the euphotic zone.
C) the aphotic zone.
D) the mesopelagic zone.

Question 9

Carolus Linnaeus was one of the first persons to classify organisms into natural categories. Which system of taxonomy did he develop?

A) domains
B) kingdoms
C) natural selection
D) food webs

Question 10

A good "working definition" for life might be: "A highly organized system that can capture, store, and transmit ____."

A) energy
B) raw materials
C) metabolic products
D) waste products

Question 11

Though it is difficult to generalize for the ocean as a whole, the bottom of the euphotic zone is about ____ meters (feet) in mid-latitudes.

A) 20 meters (66 feet)
B) 40 meters (130 feet)
C) 70 meters (230 feet)
D) 80 meters (265 feet)

Question 12

The main inorganic nutrients required in primary productivity include:

A) carbon dioxide and carbohydrates.
B) glucose and oxygen.
C) nitrates and phosphates.
D) nitrates and carbohydrates.

Question 13

The organisms that cannot produce their own food are called:

A) primary producers.
B) heterotrophs.
C) secondary producers.
D) autotrophs.

Question 14

The zone where most biological productivity of the ocean occurs is called:

A) euphotic zone.
B) aphotic zone.
C) hyperphotic zone.
D) disphotic zone.

Question 15

Photosynthetic organisms live in the ___________ of the ocean.

A) photic zone
B) deep sea
C) aphotic
D) mesopelagic

Question 16

An example of a primary producer is:

A) a fish.
B) a copepod.
C) a diatom.
D) a crab.

Question 17

Most marine organisms have an internal temperature very close to that of their surroundings. They are known as ____ organisms.

A) poikilothermic
B) endothermic
C) homeothermic
D) ectothermic

Question 18

Each of the following is a domain EXCEPT:.

A) Archaea.
B) Bacteria.
C) Eukarya.
D) Animalia.

Question 19

The organisms that are capable of converting carbon dioxide into glucose are called:

A) primary consumers.
B) primary producers.
C) heterotrophs.
D) secondary consumers.

Question 20

Which of the following statements best characterizes natural selection?

A) Natural selection is the mechanism by which predetermined adaptations are passed to offspring from parents.
B) Natural selection is the differential survivorship and reproduction of organisms that have favorable adaptations.
C) The natural environment is not involved with the process of natural selection; the heritability of traits is what drives evolution..
D) For natural selection to occur, mutations have to be embedded in the genome.

Question 21

Marine organisms are limited in terms of where in the ocean they can live because of the enormous amount of pressure in the deep sea.

Question 22

The aphotic zone is the upper layer of the ocean where there is enough light for photosynthesis and vision.

Question 23

Nitrogen and phosphorous can be depleted rapidly in the deep sea by photosynthetic organisms.

Question 24

Which of the following functions to maintain a balanced pH in the ocean?

A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) nitrogen
D) phosphate

Question 25

Scientists can observe primary productivity in the ocean from space by measuring the ____.

A) temperature of the surface water.
B) depth of the euphotic zone.
C) amount of chlorophyll in surface waters.
D) salinity of surface waters.

Question 26

A tuna is an example of a top consumer.

Question 27

Which of the following is FALSE about dissolved gases in the ocean?

A) Oxygen dissolves easily in the ocean from the atmosphere.
B) Gases dissolve more readily into cold water than warm water.
C) Carbon dioxide is much more soluble in water than is oxygen.
D) As carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean, some of it is converted to carbonic acid.

Question 28

An important part of Darwinian natural selection is that traits must be inheritable.

Question 29

The scientific name of an organism includes the genus and species name.

Question 30

The area in the ocean without light is called the:

A) aphotic zone.
B) euphotic zone.
C) photic zone.
D) epipelagic zone.

Question 31

Which of the following domains would a protistan primary producer belong to?

A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Bacteria
D) None of these

Question 32

Many marine invertebrates are ___________ meaning that they have specialized structures they use to extract plankton out of the surrounding water.

A) scavengers
B) deposit feeders
C) filter feeders
D) chemoautotrophic

Question 33

Hydrogen sulfide is a high-energy molecule that can be used to make carbohydrates through the process of chemosynthesis.

Question 34

In the ocean as a whole, the limiting factor for primary productivity is:

A) oxygen.
B) light.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 35

A form of autotrophy other than photosynthesis is:

A) respiration.
B) chemosynthesis.
C) heterotrophy.
D) decomposition.

Question 36

Asteroids hitting Earth may result in mass extinctions.

Question 37

Primary productivity measures the grams of carbon bound into organic material per square meter of ocean surface area per year.

Question 38

The mechanism of evolution discovered by Darwin and Wallace is:

A) taxonomy.
B) natural selection.
C) classification.
D) biology.

Question 39

Life is categorized into two domains: one for all the prokaryotic organisms and one for all the eukaryotic organisms.

Question 40

An example of a nutrient that is important for primary productivity is:

A) calcium.
B) silica.
C) oxygen.
D) nitrogen.

Question 41

Why is evolution important in the study of the ocean?

Question 42

Describe how energy enters biological ecosystems in the ocean.

Question 43

What is natural selection and how can it explain the diversity of life on Earth?

Question 44

Describe how energy is distributed through ecosystems and define the different trophic levels into which marine organism can be classified.

Question 45

What is a limiting factor and how do they affect the distribution of primary producers?