Deck 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

What is the average adult intake of water in 24 hours?

A) 2500 mL
B) 500 mL
C) 1000 mL
D) 180 L

Answer 1

2500 mL

Question 2

Which organ is the primary regulator of water output?

A) lungs
B) skin
C) kidneys
D) digestive tract

Answer 2

kidneys

Question 3

What is meant by the term tenting?

A) lack of saline in the renal artery
B) excess electrolytes building up on water molecule surfaces
C) body fluids building up on the kidney surface
D) tent-type structure formed when the skin of a dehydrated person is pinched; takes awhile for the skin to flatten back out

Answer 3

tent-type structure formed when the skin of a dehydrated person is pinched; takes awhile for the skin to flatten back out

Question 4

Aldosterone:

A) determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
B) is a neurohypophyseal hormone.
C) stimulates the reabsorption of K⁺ by the distal tubule.
D) is the salt-retaining hormone.

Question 5

Poor skin turgor is:

A) indicative of blood volume expansion and heart failure.
B) treated with antibiotics.
C) indicative of dehydration.
D) the earliest symptom of respiratory acidosis.

Question 6

What does pH measure?

A) hydration status
B) H⁺ concentration [H⁺]
C) hemolysis
D) urine concentration

Question 7

A buffer:

A) adds only H^+.
B) adds only bicarbonate ion.
C) prevents changes in pH.
D) stimulates Kussmaul respirations.

Question 8

What is the normal range for blood pH?

A) 7.00 to 7.35
B) 7.35 to 7.55
C) 7.35 to 7.45
D) 6.85 to 7.45

Question 9

Why is an older adult more prone to dehydration?

A) The collecting duct becomes overresponsive to the effects of ADH.
B) The adrenal cortex oversecretes aldosterone.
C) There is a decrease in the thirst mechanism.
D) The person retains excessive sodium.

Question 10

Why do patients in kidney failure become hyperkalemic?

A) The kidneys eliminate too much water.
B) The kidneys cannot eliminate calcium.
C) The kidneys fail to secrete erythropoietin.
D) The kidneys cannot eliminate K⁺.