Question 1

Why are medications absorbed rapidly when administered sublingually (under the tongue)?&#10;A) Acid in the saliva dissolves the drugs rapidly.&#10;B) Ptyalin from the salivary glands digests the drug, making them absorbable.&#10;C) The rich supply of blood vessels under the tongue absorbs the drug.&#10;D) The warmth of the tongue dissolves the drugs quickly.

Accepted Answer

Sublingual means underneath the tongue or hypoglossal.

Question 2

The mesentery, omentum, and peritoneal membranes:&#10;A) are located within the alimentary canal.&#10;B) secrete mucus.&#10;C) secrete digestive enzymes.&#10;D) are serous membranes within the abdominal cavity.

Accepted Answer

The serosa extends as peritoneal membranes: the mesentery, mesocolon, and omentum.

Question 3

Chyme is:&#10;A) delivered to the liver by the stomach.&#10;B) a pastelike mixture produced by the stomach's grinding muscles.&#10;C) found in the lacteals.&#10;D) formed in the mouth in response to ptyalin.

Accepted Answer

The stomach continues the digestive process by mixing the food with gastric juice and mashing it into a paste called chyme.

Question 4

Bile is:&#10;A) synthesized by the gallbladder and stored in the liver.&#10;B) classified as a lipase.&#10;C) synthesized by the pancreas.&#10;D) stored by the gallbladder and released in response to cholecystokinin (CCK).

Accepted Answer

Bile is a greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Question 5

The emulsification of fats is facilitated by:&#10;A) bile.&#10;B) proteolytic enzymes.&#10;C) pepsin.&#10;D) enterokinase.

Accepted Answer

Bile can split the large fat globule into thousands of tiny fat globules. This process is emulsification.

Question 6

Which of the following is not true of the biliary tree?&#10;A) It includes the hepatic ducts, cystic duct, and common bile duct.&#10;B) It carries bile.&#10;C) It empties bile into the portal vein.&#10;D) It &#34;connects&#34; the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum.

Accepted Answer

The biliary tree does not empty bile into the portal vein. The ducts that connect the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum are called the biliary tree. This network of ducts includes the hepatic bile ducts, cystic duct, and common bile duct. The hepatic bile ducts receive bile from the canaliculi in the liver lobules. The hepatic ducts merge with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct, which carries bile from the hepatic ducts (liver) and the cystic duct (gallbladder) to the duodenum.

Question 7

An amylase:&#10;A) digests fats.&#10;B) emulsifies fat.&#10;C) digests carbohydrates.&#10;D) assembles amino acids into small peptides.

Accepted Answer

An amylase is an enzyme that digests starch, a carbohydrate.

Question 8

What is the primary function of the large intestine?&#10;A) secretion of potent digestive enzymes&#10;B) absorption of water and electrolytes&#10;C) absorption of digestion byproducts&#10;D) secretion of CCK

Accepted Answer

Water and electrolytes are absorbed as the contents move through the small and large intestines (cecum, colon, and rectum).

Question 9

If the peristalsis in the large intestine slows, then:&#10;A) all waste will be absorbed across the colon wall into the hepatic portal.&#10;B) water absorption across the wall of the colon increases, thereby causing a dry or constipated stool.&#10;C) the person develops diarrhea.&#10;D) bile refluxes into the main pancreatic duct.

Accepted Answer

Feces that remain in the large intestine for an extended period lose excess water, and the person experiences constipation.

Question 10

A paralytic ileus is a:&#10;A) deficiency of digestive enzymes, resulting in malabsorption.&#10;B) cessation of peristalsis.&#10;C) consequence of hyperacidity.&#10;D) major cause of peritonitis.

Accepted Answer

The obstruction may also be due to paralytic ileus, whereby the intestinal or bowel muscles do not contract effectively to propel its contents forward.

Deck 23: Digestive System