Question 1

These glands secrete hormones and are called ductless glands.&#10;A) target tissue&#10;B) endocrine glands&#10;C) second chemical messenger&#10;D) positive feedback control

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are ductless glands-that is, they secrete the hormones directly into the blood and not into ducts.

Question 2

A _____ is a chemical messenger that influences or controls the activities of other tissues or organs.&#10;A) carbohydrate&#10;B) receptor&#10;C) hormone&#10;D) gland

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system, in contrast, communicates through chemical signals called hormones. In general, the endocrine system and its hormones help regulate metabolic processes involving carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Question 3

Cortisol is secreted in a circadian rhythm which means it is secreted every _____.&#10;A) 10 hours&#10;B) 12 hours&#10;C) 24 hours&#10;D) 48 hours

Accepted Answer

A circadian rhythm (circa- means "around"; -dian means "day") is a 24-hour rhythm; its pattern repeats every 24 hours. Because of its circadian rhythm, cortisol secretion is highest in the morning hours (peak at 8 am) and lowest in the evening hours (lowest at midnight).

Question 4

Jet lag and night shift work alter this pattern of hormone secretion.&#10;A) biorhythm&#10;B) positive feedback control&#10;C) circadian rhythm&#10;D) central nervous system (CNS) control

Accepted Answer

A biorhythm is a rhythmic alteration in a hormone's rate of secretion. Unfortunately, biorhythms can be disturbed by travel and alterations in sleep patterns.

Question 5

This gland secretes tropic hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (somatotropic hormone), and the gonadotropins.&#10;A) posterior pituitary gland&#10;B) pancreas&#10;C) adrenal gland&#10;D) anterior pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary gland secretes six major hormones. The hormones of the anterior pituitary include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), ACTH, growth hormone (GH), the gonadotropins, and prolactin (PRL).

Question 6

This gland secretes the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.&#10;A) anterior pituitary gland&#10;B) adrenal gland&#10;C) pancreas&#10;D) posterior pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla is the inner region of the adrenal gland and is considered an extension of the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, classified as catecholamines (kat-eh-KOHL-ah-meens), are secreted in emergency or stress situations.

Question 7

This gland secretes insulin and glucagon.&#10;A) pancreas&#10;B) ovaries&#10;C) testes&#10;D) adrenal gland

Accepted Answer

The pancreas secretes at least five hormones; we are concerned primarily with two hormones: insulin and glucagon.

Question 8

This condition results from an iodine-deficient diet, which causes a hyperplasia or overgrowth of the thyroid gland.&#10;A) cretinism&#10;B) exophthalmos&#10;C) acromegaly&#10;D) goiter

Accepted Answer

Persistent stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH causes the thyroid gland to enlarge; an enlarged thyroid gland is called a goiter.

Question 9

This condition results from a deficiency of insulin; the person becomes hyperglycemic and glucosuric.&#10;A) Cushing's syndrome&#10;B) Addison's disease&#10;C) diabetes mellitus&#10;D) myxedema

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is often defined as a lack of insulin. However, some diabetics with adult-onset, or type 2, diabetes mellitus have excess insulin (hyperinsulinemia) and are still hyperglycemic.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of insulin?&#10;A) It is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.&#10;B) Deficiency causes diabetes insipidus.&#10;C) It is secreted in response to decreased blood glucose.&#10;D) It helps regulate blood glucose.

Accepted Answer

Insulin helps transport glucose into most cells.

Deck 14: Endocrine System