Question 1

Which of the following would be considered a sympathetic organ response?&#10;A) constriction of air flow in the bronchial tubes&#10;B) decreased heart rate&#10;C) constriction of blood vessels&#10;D) constriction of the iris of the eye

Accepted Answer

Increased sympathetic activity causes constriction of the blood vessels, and decreased sympathetic activity causes the blood vessels to dilate.

Question 2

Which of the following would be considered a parasympathetic organ response?&#10;A) dilation of the bronchial tubes&#10;B) decrease in heart rate&#10;C) secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine&#10;D) sweat gland stimulations

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is most active during quiet, nonstressful conditions. It has a calming effect on the body.

Question 3

Which of the following is least true of the sympathetic nervous system?&#10;A) It is also called &#34;fight-or-flight.&#34;&#10;B) Preganglionic fibers are cholinergic.&#10;C) Postganglionic fibers are adrenergic.&#10;D) The postganglionic receptor is muscarinic.

Accepted Answer

Postganglionic fiber is adrenergic.

Question 4

Vasomotor tone is:&#10;A) a vasoconstrictor effect caused by background firing of the sympathetic nerves.&#10;B) a vagally induced vasoconstriction.&#10;C) a response to activation of the muscarinic receptors on the blood vessels.&#10;D) caused by a beta-adrenergic antagonist.

Accepted Answer

Background sympathetic firing keeps the blood vessels somewhat constricted. This sympathetically induced continuous state of blood vessel constriction is called vasomotor tone or sympathetic tone.

Question 5

What is the clinical consequence of loss of vasomotor tone?&#10;A) uticaria and pruritus&#10;B) lethargy and jaundice&#10;C) severe decline in blood pressure and shock&#10;D) elevation of blood pressure and hemorrhage

Accepted Answer

A decrease in sympathetic firing causes blood vessels to dilate, thereby lowering blood pressure.

Question 6

The vagus nerve (the &#34;wanderer&#34; nerve) carries about what percentage of the parasympathetic fibers?&#10;A) 80%&#10;B) 75%&#10;C) 65%&#10;D) 50%

Accepted Answer

The vagus nerve (the "wanderer" nerve) carries over 80% of the parasympathetic fibers.

Question 7

Which of the following fibers secretes norepinephrine (NE)?&#10;A) preganglionic sympathetic&#10;B) preganglionic parasympathetic&#10;C) postganglionic sympathetic&#10;D) postganglionic parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

The postganglionic sympathetic nervous system fibers, however, secrete NE and are called adrenergic fibers.

Question 8

Which of the following is least descriptive of monoamine oxidase (MOA)?&#10;A) It is an enzyme that degrades NE.&#10;B) It is found within all cholinergic fibers.&#10;C) It is associated with sympathetic activity.&#10;D) It is associated with adrenergic fibers.

Accepted Answer

Most of the NE is simply reused. Excess NE can be degraded by an enzyme located within the adrenergic nerve terminal and is called monoamine oxidase (MAO). Some of the NE is merely "washed away" from the synapse and is degraded by another enzyme found in surrounding tissue.

Question 9

Muscarinic receptors are located on:&#10;A) the paravertebral ganglia.&#10;B) the effector organs--postganglionic parasympathetic.&#10;C) the effector organs--postganglionic sympathetic.&#10;D) all autonomic ganglia.

Accepted Answer

Muscarinic receptors are located on the effector or target organs (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands) of the parasympathetic nerves.

Question 10

A patient received an antimuscarinic drug (atropine) preoperatively. What drug-related, postoperative consequence is he or she likely to experience?&#10;A) slow heart rate&#10;B) inability to urinate&#10;C) excess salivation&#10;D) pinpoint pupils

Accepted Answer

Activation of the muscarinic receptors stimulates contraction of the urinary bladder and relaxation of the bladder sphincter. Both actions facilitate urination.

Deck 12: Autonomic Nervous System