Question 1

Which of the following best describes a disease?&#10;A) the invasion of the body by pathogens producing symptoms and illness&#10;B) bacterial infection of an open wound&#10;C) a failure of the body to function normally&#10;D) lack of cellular integrity

Accepted Answer

Disease is a failure of the body to function normally.

Question 2

What is a pathogen?&#10;A) a disease-producing microorganism&#10;B) a carcinogenic bacteria&#10;C) the direction, or course, in which the disease progresses&#10;D) the generic name for various diseases

Accepted Answer

A leading cause of disease in humans is the invasion of the body by pathogens, or disease-producing microorganisms.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an infection?&#10;A) a diseased section of the body&#10;B) the invasion of the body by a pathogen and the subsequent symptoms in response to the invasion&#10;C) the failure of the body to function normally&#10;D) the invasion of the body by a disease

Accepted Answer

The invasion of the body by a pathogen and the symptoms that develop in response to this invasion are called an infection.

Question 4

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can be found anywhere. They were first discovered by van Leeuwenhoek, who originally called them _______.&#10;A) bacteria&#10;B) little animals&#10;C) little beasties&#10;D) tiny bugs

Accepted Answer

Bacteria (sing., bacterium) are single-celled organisms found everywhere. They were first observed under the microscope by van Leeuwenhoek, who called them "little beasties."

Question 5

Bacteria are classified into three groups based on their shape. What term is used to identify the round-shaped bacteria?&#10;A) rod&#10;B) curved rod&#10;C) bacillus&#10;D) coccus

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are classified into three groups based on shape: (1) coccus (round); (2) bacillus (rod-shaped); and (3) curved rod.

Question 6

Which of the following is the smallest infection agent?&#10;A) virus&#10;B) fungus&#10;C) protozoa&#10;D) ameba

Accepted Answer

Viruses (from the Latin virus, meaning "poison") are the smallest of the infectious agents.

Question 7

Many bacteria are classified according to staining characteristics using the Gram stain (dye). A gram-positive bacterium is one that stains __________.&#10;A) pink to red&#10;B) blue to purple&#10;C) green to yellow&#10;D) clear to yellow

Accepted Answer

Many bacteria are classified according to staining characteristics using the Gram stain (a dye). A gram-positive bacterium is one that stains purple or blue.

Question 8

Which of the following is both a portal of entry and a portal of exit for pathogens?&#10;A) parenteral&#10;B) breast milk&#10;C) gastrointestinal&#10;D) doorknob

Accepted Answer

Most pathogens enter the body through the respiratory tract (inhaled droplets of water and dust) and the gastrointestinal tract (by eating spoiled food or placing contaminated hands in the mouth), and the most common portals of exit are the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

Question 9

When a fly plays a role in the spread of disease, it is considered a __________ vector in the transmission process.&#10;A) biological&#10;B) transitory&#10;C) speculative&#10;D) mechanical

Accepted Answer

The fly is only a mechanical vector but a very effective germ spreader.

Question 10

What is a nosocomial infection?&#10;A) an infection caused by the bite of a mosquito&#10;B) an infection acquired while the patient is in the hospital&#10;C) an infection caused by a patient's poor hygiene&#10;D) an infection acquired while a patient was visiting a foreign country

Accepted Answer

A nosocomial infection is a hospital-acquired infection that is most often transmitted from patient to patient by direct contact (through the agency of the examining finger, according to Semmelweis).

Deck 5: Microbiology Basics