Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic raw materials needed by the body for growth, repair, and operation?&#10;A) carbohydrates&#10;B) hormones&#10;C) proteins&#10;D) fats

Accepted Answer

Because proteins are present in so many physiologically important compounds, it is safe to say that they participate in every body function; lipids are needed by the body (1) as a source of energy, (2) as a component of cell membranes and myelin sheath (coverings of nerve cells), and (3) in the synthesis of steroids; and carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).

Question 2

Which of the following best describes metabolism?&#10;A) the patient's heart rate&#10;B) the patient's ability to digest food&#10;C) the millions of chemical reactions that make the body run&#10;D) peptide absorption

Accepted Answer

Metabolism refers to the millions of chemical reactions that make the body run.

Question 3

What are lipids?&#10;A) organic compounds commonly called fats and oils&#10;B) proteins such as meats and fish&#10;C) complex carbohydrates&#10;D) glucose compounds found in insulin

Accepted Answer

Lipids are organic compounds that are commonly called fats and oils. Fats are solid at room temperature whereas oils are liquid.

Question 4

What are the three types of lipids?&#10;A) triglycerides, phospholipids, and neuropeptides&#10;B) phospholipids, steroids, and triglycerides&#10;C) steroids, vitamin B, and complex carbohydrates&#10;D) vitamin B, steroids, and neuropeptides

Accepted Answer

The lipids found most commonly in the body include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.

Question 5

In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the catabolism of proteins produces which other element that is actually toxic to the human brain?&#10;A) helium&#10;B) phosphates&#10;C) peptide bonds&#10;D) nitrogen

Accepted Answer

In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the catabolism of proteins produces nitrogen that is toxic to the brain.

Question 6

In which section of the DNA is the blueprint, or genetic code, stored?&#10;A) cellular membrane&#10;B) nucleus&#10;C) lipids&#10;D) cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

The protein-synthesizing code is stored within the DNA. More specifically, the information is stored, or encoded, within the sequence of bases along one strand (one side of the ladder) of DNA. Because the DNA is arranged in hereditary units called genes, the code is called the genetic code.

Question 7

Why are cancer-fighting drugs considered cytotoxic?&#10;A) They kill both the cancerous and normal cells.&#10;B) They prevent replication of toxic chemicals.&#10;C) They generate toxic reactions within the mitochondria.&#10;D) They produce a cyanide within the cancerous cells.

Accepted Answer

Anticancer drugs are classified as cytotoxic agents; they are toxic to both cancer and normal cells.

Question 8

What does mRNA stand for?&#10;A) mitochondrial RNA&#10;B) membrane RNA&#10;C) messenger RNA&#10;D) mitosis RNA

Accepted Answer

mRNA stands for messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 9

DNA is ___________.&#10;A) a nucleic acid&#10;B) an amino acid&#10;C) a protein&#10;D) a phosphate

Accepted Answer

DNA is a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are composed of smaller units called nucleotides.

Question 10

Too much ammonia in the body can have a toxic effect on the brain. This effect is called ________.&#10;A) neuroplasticity&#10;B) hepatic encephalopathy&#10;C) brain toxicity&#10;D) hepatic saturation

Accepted Answer

The toxic effect of ammonia on the brain is called hepatic encephalopathy.

Deck 4: Cell Metabolism