Deck 8: Motivation and Empowerment

Question 1

Five elements must be in place before employees can be empowered to perform their jobs: information, knowledge, discretion, meaning, and rewards.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is true of extrinsic rewards?

A) They are under the control of an individual.
B) They come from solving problems to benefit others.
C) They are given by another person, typically a supervisor.
D) They appeal to the "higher" needs of individuals.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following actions is an example of positive reinforcement?

A) Withholding praise
B) Reprimanding an employee
C) Recommending a pay raise
D) Avoiding negative statements

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Job enrichment is a program that links at least a portion of employees' pay on the amount of skills they possess.

Question 5

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the need for fringe benefits is an example of _____ needs.

A) esteem
B) belongingness
C) self-actualization
D) safety

Question 6

A fully engaged employee is one who cares deeply about the organization and actively seeks to serve the mission.

Question 7

Employee motivation rarely affects productivity.

Question 8

Conventional management approaches:

A) appeal to an individual's "higher" needs.
B) rely on intrinsic rewards to motivate subordinates.
C) are based on controlling the behavior of people by manipulating their decisions.
D) give subordinates more control over their work and the power to affect outcomes.

Question 9

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors include:

A) recognition.
B) interpersonal relationships.
C) the work itself.
D) personal growth.

Question 10

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the highest need category is _____.

A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) belongingness
D) safety

Question 11

It is the behavior of coworkers that makes the biggest difference in whether people feel engaged at work.

Question 12

Empowerment is power sharing, the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in the organization.

Question 13

Intrinsic rewards:

A) come from the satisfaction received by performing a particular action.
B) are given by another person, typically a supervisor.
C) include pay raises and promotions.
D) appeal to the "lower" needs of individuals.

Question 14

When workers are not motivated to achieve organizational goals, the fault is often with the workers themselves.

Question 15

Employees in companies that have a social mission are typically highly motivated because:

A) they want to avoid punishments and negative consequences.
B) they get intrinsic rewards.
C) they are given monetary incentives.
D) their lower needs are fulfilled.

Question 16

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, the most basic human needs are:

A) esteem needs.
B) affiliation needs.
C) physiological needs.
D) safety needs.

Question 17

Expectancy theory proposes that people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they receive for performance.

Question 18

Hygiene factors fulfill high-level needs and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth.

Question 19

People with a high need for achievement tend to enjoy work that is entrepreneurial and innovative.

Question 20

Bonuses and praise are examples of the _____ approach to motivate people.

A) intrinsic negative
B) intrinsic positive
C) extrinsic negative
D) extrinsic positive

Question 21

One way to increase a job's motivational and empowerment potential is to:

A) increase skill variety.
B) use reward and punishment.
C) use the carrot-and-stick method of motivation.
D) focus on an employee's "lower" needs.

Question 22

The basic assumption underlying behavior modification is the _____.

A) law of initial values
B) all-or-none law
C) matching law
D) law of effect

Question 23

Organizations can motivate employees by creating an organizational environment that:

A) is similar to the organization's competitors.
B) improves the infrastructure.
C) provides a horizontal organizational structure.
D) helps them find true value in their work.

Question 24

Which of the following theories of motivation is associated with the work of Victor Vroom?

A) Acquired needs theory
B) Two-factor theory
C) Hierarchy of needs theory
D) Expectancy theory

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of the carrot-and-stick approach to motivation?

A) It focuses on long-term goals.
B) It enables each person's success to be mutually enjoyed.
C) It creates a culture of competition due to the presence of intrinsic rewards.
D) It tends to focus on lower needs.

Question 26

Which of the following is an element that must be in place before employees can be truly empowered to perform their jobs effectively?

A) Information about employees' salary
B) Knowledge and skills
C) A centralized organizational hierarchy
D) A fixed chain of command

Question 27

_____ is the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future.

A) Punishment
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Extinction

Question 28

_____ refers to the forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

Question 29

Which of the following theories proposes that people are motivated to seek fair rewards for performance?

A) Herzberg's two-factor theory
B) Acquired needs theory
C) Expectancy theory
D) Equity theory

Question 30

Employee engagement means that people:

A) are unable to share power.
B) feel a sense of belonging to the organization.
C) look for solutions to improve working conditions.
D) are delegated authority.

Question 31

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, the leader's role is to:

A) use motivators to meet the higher-level needs of employees.
B) provide only hygiene factors to employees.
C) only remove dissatisfiers.
D) use system-wide rewards.

Question 32

Immediate praise for an employee who arrives on time increases the likelihood of punctuality. This is an example of _____.

A) extinction
B) punishment
C) positive reinforcement
D) expectancy

Question 33

Fairmont Hotels & Resorts lets its best performing employees design their rewards. This is done to ensure that the rewards are valued by the employees and serve as further motivation. Fairmont Hotels & Resorts uses _____ theory to motivate its employees.

A) equity
B) job enlargement
C) expectancy
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 34

According to the acquired needs theory, which of the following characteristics describe people who have a high need for affiliation?

A) Passive and uncritical
B) Successful "integrators" whose job is to coordinate the work of departments
C) Tend to enjoy work that is entrepreneurial and innovative
D) Successfully attain the top levels in the organizational hierarchy

Question 35

Empowerment refers to:

A) the value of outcomes to the individual.
B) satisfaction with work conditions.
C) the delegation of authority to subordinates in the organization.
D) incorporation of high-level motivators.

Question 36

_____ refers to a motivational approach that incorporates high-level motivators into the work.

A) Job satisfaction
B) Gainsharing
C) Profit sharing
D) Job enrichment

Question 37

According to the acquired needs theory, the need for power refers to the desire to:

A) accomplish something difficult and attain a high standard for success.
B) form close personal relationships and avoid conflict.
C) influence or control others and have authority over others.
D) master complex tasks and surpass others.

Question 38

Which of the following is a result of employee empowerment?

A) Greater self-efficacy
B) Decreased job responsibility
C) Better working conditions
D) Greater extrinsic satisfaction

Question 39

Which of the following primarily affects employee engagement?

A) The behavior of coworkers
B) The behavior of unions
C) The behavior of leaders
D) The behavior of customers

Question 40

Which of the following is true of the equity theory of motivation?

A) Motivation depends on individuals' mental expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards.
B) Behavior that is not reinforced with positive attention and rewards will gradually disappear.
C) People will believe they are treated fairly if they perceive their rewards as equal to what others receive for similar contributions.
D) If the outcomes that are available from high effort and good performance are not valued by an employee, motivation will be low.

Question 41

The ______ approach to motivation strives to motivate people by providing them with the opportunity to satisfy higher needs and become intrinsically rewarded.

Question 42

Explain how positive and negative motives can cause people to take action. Provide examples.

Question 43

_____ is a theory that suggests that motivation depends on individuals' mental anticipation about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards.

Question 44

The _____ proposes that certain types of needs (achievement, affiliation, power) are developed during an individual's lifetime.

Question 45

Why is it important for leaders to understand motivation?

Question 46

An example of intrinsic positive motivation is:

A) volunteering for a fun task.
B) receiving a gift card for good performance.
C) reading a book because it's required for a class.
D) practicing a song to avoid embarrassment when playing the violin in the school band.

Question 47

Explain positive reinforcement with a suitable example.

Question 48

_____, the first dimension of Herzberg's two-factor theory, involves the presence or absence of working conditions, pay, company policies, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 49

_____, the second dimension of Herzberg's two-factor theory, involves job satisfaction and meeting higher-level needs.

Question 50

_____ appeal to the "lower" needs of individuals.

Question 51

_____ proposes that humans are motivated by multiple needs and those needs exist in a hierarchical order.

Question 52

_____ are internal satisfactions a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 53

Describe the reinforcement perspective on motivation.

Question 54

Briefly describe the concept of a thriving workforce.

Question 55

_____ and learning are the two components of thriving individuals.

A) Vitality
B) Affiliation
C) Self-efficacy
D) Valence

Question 56

Briefly describe the two categories of motives.

Question 57

Describe the needs-based theories of motivation.

Question 58

List the five dimensions of jobs in which leaders can make alterations to increase a job's motivational and empowerment potential.

Question 59

You are the owner of a small business with ten employees. How would you build a thriving workforce?

Question 60

The _____ states that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated.

Question 61

Which of the following actions can a leader take to empower an employee?

A) Tell the employee how to complete a task.
B) Provide the company's financial data to the employee.
C) Increase the employee's salary.
D) Tell the employee he or she will be terminated unless performance improves.

Question 62

Adele's company competes with several larger companies for workers. To attract workers, Adele wants to apply the job characteristics model to enrich jobs. Which of the following actions should she take?

A) Increase salaries.
B) Buy better equipment than her competitors have.
C) Establish task identities.
D) Set high quality standards that all workers must meet.

Question 63

How can an employer create a thriving workplace?

A) Use positive extrinsic rewards.
B) Make the workplace a positive environment.
C) Let everyone manage themselves.
D) Provide regular feedback on performance and progress.