Deck 11: Managing Change and Innovation

Question 1

The types of organizational change are strategy, technology, structure, government, and culture/people.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Some observers of business trends suggest that the knowledge economy of the late 1900s and early 2000s is rapidly being transformed into the creativity economy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The acceptance of mistakes, the freedom to discuss ideas, and the assignment of nonspecialists to problems are characteristics of creative organizations or departments.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Organizational change refers to the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.

Question 5

An approach to innovation that emphasizes shared development of innovations among several departments is referred to as the horizontal linkage model.

Question 6

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as entrepreneurship.

Question 7

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as cooperation.

Question 8

A technological change is related to the organization's production process.

Question 9

Originality, authoritarianism, and disciplined exploration are among the characteristics of the creative individuals.

Question 10

One value of the idea incubator is that an employee with a good idea has somewhere to go with it, rather than having to shop the idea all over the company and hope someone pays attention.

Question 11

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as cooperation.

Question 12

Some observers of business trends suggest that the knowledge economy of the late 1900s and early 2000s is rapidly being transformed into the change economy.

Question 13

Redesign and renewal of the total organization is addressed by operational change.

Question 14

A product change is a change in the organization's product or service outputs.

Question 15

An idea incubator is in-house program that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

Question 16

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as exploration

Question 17

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as exploration.

Question 18

Creativity is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization.

Question 19

Centralization and short time horizon are primarily used by creative organizations.

Question 20

Technology change involves the hierarchy of authority, goals, administrative procedures, and managerial systems.

Question 21

Mergers/acquisitions, organizational decline, and conflict management are the three types of current problems that organizational development managers face.

Question 22

Idea champions feel very passionate and committed to a new product or idea despite rejection to others.

Question 23

A unit that is separate from the mainstream of the organization and is responsible for developing and initiating innovations is called a new-venture team.

Question 24

Training is one of the most frequently used approaches to changing people's mindsets.

Question 25

A person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization is called an idea champion.

Question 26

Organizational development involves the application of behavioral science techniques to improve an organization's effectiveness and success.

Question 27

The person, who, in a creativity contest, is able to develop the greatest number of new and novel concepts, is called an idea champion.

Question 28

Open innovation means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and the industry.

Question 29

An open team is a multifunctional, and sometimes multinational, team that works under stringent timelines and is provided with high levels of resources and empowerment to accomplish an accelerated product development project.

Question 30

According to Unlocking Innovative Solutions Through PEOPLE in Chapter 11, one of the ways Great Britain's General Communications Headquarters transformed its culture to be more collaborative was by moving into a building called the Doughnut.

Question 31

Culture change refers to a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mindset of the entire organization.

Question 32

People change refers to a change in the attitudes and behaviors of a few employees in the organization.

Question 33

Two of the most popular and effective OD activities are small-group disbanding and large-group interventions.

Question 34

The idea in the large group intervention is to get a sample of people who may have an interest in the organization, gather perspectives from the selected parts of the system, and allow the sample to create a collective future.

Question 35

Culture change refers to a change in the attitudes and behaviors of a few employees in the organization.

Question 36

A fast-cycle team is a multifunctional, and sometimes multinational, team that works under stringent timelines and is provided with high levels of resources and empowerment to accomplish an accelerated product development project.

Question 37

Three of the most popular and effective OD activities are team building, survey feedback, and large-group interventions.

Question 38

Skunklabor is a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often selective group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.

Question 39

Skunkworks are a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.

Question 40

A new-venture fund provides resources from which individuals and groups can draw to develop new ideas, products, or businesses.

Question 41

After the need for change has been perceived, the next part of the change process is implementing change.

Question 42

Two possible tactics for overcoming resistance to change are coercion and negotiation.

Question 43

The lack of information about past events refers to uncertainty.

Question 44

A performance gap is a disparity between the performance of the company when compared with a competitor.

Question 45

The adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization is known as organizational

A) change.
B) development.
C) structure.
D) intervention.
E) responsibility.

Question 46

The generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization is called

A) a search initiative.
B) creativity.
C) an ideal champion.
D) a great idea.
E) strategic analysis.

Question 47

A change agent is an OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change.

Question 48

An example of organizational change is

A) the switch to a new production method.
B) the decision to offer a new product line.
C) the introductions of a new pay for performance system.
D) all of these
E) the switch to a new production method or the decision to offer a new product line.

Question 49

The communication and education approach for overcoming resistance to change should be used when the change is technical and the users need accurate information and analysis to understand change.

Question 50

The three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change with organizational development are planning, changing and stabilizing.

Question 51

In the unfreezing step, participants must be made aware of problems and be willing to change.

Question 52

New department technologies, demands by labor unions, and production inefficiencies are all examples of some external forces.

Question 53

Refreezing is the reinforcement stage of organization development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization.

Question 54

The disparity between existing and desired performance levels is the performance gap.

Question 55

Large cost savings from reduced inventories and labor savings by needing fewer workers to handle inventory can be driving forces associated with the implementation of just-in-time inventory control systems.

Question 56

Forces for organizational change exist both in the external environment and within the organization.

Question 57

Reasons employees resist change include self-interest, lack of understanding and trust, uncertainty, and different assessments and goals.

Question 58

When a change involves multiple departments, top management support is especially important.

Question 59

Change, according to Kurt Lewin, was a result of the competition between forced and unforced fields.

Question 60

When users have power to resist, coercion tactic should be used for overcoming resistance to change.

Question 61

________ change is a change in the organization's production process -- how the organization does its work.

A) Technology
B) Product
C) Entrepreneurship
D) Creativity
E) Incremental

Question 62

All of the following are characteristics of creative organizations EXCEPT

A) use of teams.
B) risk taking norms.
C) centralization.
D) long term horizon.
E) loose controls.

Question 63

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 64

__________ means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.

A) An idea champion
B) Open innovation
C) A new-venture team
D) An idea incubator
E) An inventor

Question 65

A __________ change is related to the organization production process.

A) new product
B) technological
C) structural
D) culture/people
E) competitive

Question 66

Innovation requires the coordination that occurs with the __________.

A) top-down approach
B) bottom-up approach
C) horizontal linkage model
D) time-based approach
E) vertical approach

Question 67

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 68

Which type of change refers to an organization's product or service output?

A) Competitive
B) Coercive
C) Technological
D) Cultural
E) New product

Question 69

All of the following are characteristics of creative individuals EXCEPT

A) originality
B) playfulness
C) curiosity
D) rationality
E) open-mindedness

Question 70

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative individual?

A) Conceptual theory
B) Undisciplined exploration
C) Persistence and focused approach
D) Authorization and dependent
E) all of these are characteristic of a creative individual

Question 72

Creative organizations

A) are characterized by an unusually high number of routine jobs.
B) are loosely structured.
C) have little ambiguity.
D) have too many layers of management.
E) use a centralized decision making approach.

Question 73

__________ is a person who sees the need for and fights for productive change in an organization

A) A creative individual
B) A catalyst
C) An idea champion
D) A sponsor
E) A critic

Question 74

__________ is the generation of novel solutions to perceived problems.

A) Problem solving
B) Organizational development
C) Creativity
D) Brainstorming
E) Perceived solution

Question 75

Shared development of innovations among several departments is emphasized by the __________ approach to innovation

A) vertical
B) horizontal linkage model
C) top down
D) bottom-up
E) diagonal

Question 76

All of the following are critical innovation strategies for changing products and technologies EXCEPT

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) all of these are critical innovation strategies

Question 77

__________ provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

A) An idea champion
B) A sponsor
C) A new-venture team
D) An idea incubator
E) An inventor

Question 78

A ________ team is a multifunctional, and sometimes multinational, team that works under stringent timelines and is provided with high levels of resources and empowerment to accomplish an accelerated product development project.

A) fast-cycle
B) sponsor
C) new-venture
D) skunkwork
E) invested

Question 79

Ashli, a new employee of yours, strikes you as curious, open-minded, and receptive to new ideas. Keep your eye on Ashli, for she may very well be

A) an outstanding performer.
B) an individual with a high need for achievement.
C) a satisfied employee.
D) a creative individual.
E) none of these.

Question 80

________ change is a change in the organization's product or service outputs.

A) Technology
B) Product
C) Entrepreneurship
D) Creative
E) Incremental