Deck 14: Dynamics of Behavior in Organizations

Question 1

Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

When Paul remarks, "I love my classes this semester," it reflects the cognitive element of attitude.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Attribution is the cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

As a general rule, changing one component of an attitude can contribute to an overall change in attitude.

Question 5

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success, refers to organizational achievement.

Question 6

Job satisfaction is work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success.

Question 7

Organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response is the last step in the perception process.

Question 8

Proximity is the tendency to group sensory data because they are alike in some way.

Question 9

The tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people refers to attribution.

Question 10

From attributions viewpoint, if the behavior is in consensus, the perceiver will probably respond to similar situations in the same way.

Question 11

One important step for managers is recognizing and understanding the components of attitudes, which is important when attempting to change attitudes.

Question 12

Advertising is an obvious application of selective perception.

Question 13

Organizations don't want to lose talented, highly skilled workers, so they try to create an atmosphere of job satisfaction.

Question 14

A positive attitude towards one's job is called cognitive attitude.

Question 15

The concepts and principles of OB are important to managers because in every organization human being ultimately make the decision that controls how the organization will acquire and use resources.

Question 16

A condition in which two attitudes or a behavior and an attitude conflict is called intra-organization conflict.

Question 17

Agreeableness refers to the degree to which a person is sociable, talkative, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships.

Question 18

A halo blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

Question 19

The link between satisfaction and performance, according to research, is generally small and is affected by other factors.

Question 20

From attributions viewpoint, if the behavior is distinctive, the perceiver probably will make an internal attribution.

Question 21

People give themselves too much credit for what they do well and give external forces too much blame when they fail refers to the self-serving bias.

Question 22

Teresa is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity. According to the Big Five personality factors, these qualities describe her openness to experience.

Question 23

The degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented is conscientiousness.

Question 24

The degree to which a person is calm, enthusiastic, and self-confident, rather than tense, depressed, moody, or insecure is emotional stability.

Question 25

Experience is the gradual change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of learning.

Question 26

Machiavellianism is the tendency to direct much on one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for purely personal gain.

Question 27

According to Jung, people who would prefer to work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information are called intuitive-type people.

Question 28

The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called openness to experience.

Question 29

The first stage in the learning process cycle is a concrete experience.

Question 30

The second stage in the learning process cycle is a concrete experience.

Question 31

The degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, likable, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting is agreeableness.

Question 32

People with an external locus of control are harder to motivate but easier to lead.

Question 33

Low Machs are particularly good in jobs that require bargaining skills or that involve substantial rewards for winning.

Question 34

A person with a diverger learning style type is good at generating ideas and seeing a situation from multiple perspectives.

Question 35

The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called extroversion.

Question 36

Learning is a change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of experience.

Question 37

The degree to which a person is calm, enthusiastic, and self-confident, rather than tense, depressed, moody, or insecure is emotional stability.

Question 38

The extent to which a person's ability and personality matches the requirements of a job is called person-job fit.

Question 39

People have a high external locus of control when they feel in control of their own fate.

Question 40

According to Unlocking Innovative Solutions Through TECHNOLOGY in Chapter 14, on-line matchmaking services use different types of personality testing to match potential soul mates.

Question 41

When the level of stress is high relative to a person's coping resources, stress can be a positive force, stimulating desirable change and achievement.

Question 42

An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called

A) sociology.
B) vocational counseling.
C) cultural anthropology.
D) psychology.
E) organizational behavior.

Question 43

Which of the following refers to loyalty to the heavy involvement in the organization?

A) Organization citizenship
B) Job satisfaction
C) Dissonance
D) Organizational commitment
E) Job involvement

Question 44

__________ refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success.

A) Job satisfaction
B) Organizational citizenship
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Job involvement
E) Organizational Commitment

Question 45

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called a(n)

A) attitude.
B) authoritarianism.
C) perception.
D) projection.
E) personality.

Question 46

A positive attitude towards one's job refers to

A) organizational citizenship.
B) job satisfaction.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) organizational commitment.
E) job involvement.

Question 47

Keisha, a senior at Morgan University, believes that it is okay to get at "B" but more important to learn in a class than get an easy "A" without learning. Keisha's belief reflects which component of attitude?

A) Behavior
B) Affect
C) Dissonance
D) Feeling
E) Cognitions

Question 48

The __________ is the beliefs, opinions, and information a person has about the object of an attitude.

A) affective component
B) feeling component
C) cognitive component
D) behavioral component
E) dissonance aspect of attitude

Question 49

People generally experience __________ when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards (such as pay) are satisfactory, and when the employees like their co-workers.

A) job involvement
B) extroversion
C) cognitive dissonance
D) Machiavellianism
E) job satisfaction

Question 50

A person with a converger learning style type is good at generating ideas and seeing a situation from multiple perspectives.

Question 51

A person with an assimilator learning style type is good at inductive reasoning and creating theoretical models.

Question 52

Extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work are included in Type B behavior pattern.

Question 53

When Marsha remarks that she loves the classes she is taking this semester, it refers to which component of attitude?

A) Knowledge
B) Behavior
C) Dissonance
D) Affect
E) Cognitions

Question 54

__________ is especially important in a tight labor market, which forces employers to compete harder to attract and keep good workers.

A) Dissonance
B) Job involvement
C) Organizational commitment
D) Organizational citizenship
E) Job satisfaction

Question 55

Enlightened companies support healthy habits to help people manage stress and be more productive.

Question 56

A person with an accommodator learning style type is good at implementing decisions and carrying out plans.

Question 57

Uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role is called role ambiguity.

Question 58

Research shows that an individual's personality has no affect on how they respond to stressors.

Question 59

For organizations, continuous learning involves the processes and systems through which the organization enables its people to learn, share their growing knowledge and apply it to their work.

Question 60

Daily flextime is considered by many employees to be the most effective work-life practice.

Question 61

The process by which people categorize stimuli based on broad generalizations is called:

A) the halo effect.
B) perceptual organization.
C) attributions.
D) perceptual distortion.
E) perceptual selectivity.

Question 62

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called

A) perceptual distortion.
B) closure activity.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) stereotyping.
E) perceptual grouping.

Question 63

The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called

A) selective retention.
B) dissonance.
C) attitude.
D) perception.
E) personality.

Question 64

__________ supports the old truism that first impressions are important.

A) Contrast
B) Values and beliefs
C) Primacy
D) Personality
E) Recency

Question 65

Mechanisms for perceptual grouping includes all of these EXCEPT

A) distortion.
B) continuity.
C) similarity.
D) closure.
E) proximity.

Question 66

Ed is a top executive at a cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people. This condition can be described as

A) job involvement.
B) extroversion.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) Machiavellianism.
E) job satisfaction.

Question 67

Which of these refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment?

A) Dissonance
B) Personality
C) Halo effect
D) Attitude
E) Perception

Question 68

Which of the following attribution factors describes whether a person who has observed others handle situations in the same way he would?

A) Distinctiveness
B) Consensus
C) Consistency
D) Conscientiousness
E) Agreeableness

Question 69

Derek wants to look his best when he goes for interviewing. He is focusing on which of these perceiver's characteristics?

A) Contrast
B) Personality
C) Needs and motivation
D) Primacy
E) Recency

Question 70

__________ is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then to attribute widely held generalizations about the group to the individual.

A) Stereotyping
B) Projection
C) Figure-ground
D) The halo effect
E) Perceptual defense

Question 71

The tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to one's successes and the contribution of external factors to one's failures is a result of

A) self-serving bias.
B) openness to experience.
C) over stability.
D) emotional plateau.
E) Machiavellianism.

Question 72

Mary is a talkative, assertive, and sociable individual who is very comfortable with interpersonal relationships. This describes which quality of Mary?

A) Machiavellianism
B) Conscientiousness
C) Agreeableness
D) Emotional stability
E) Extroversion

Question 73

An overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable, is an example of

A) projection.
B) the halo effect.
C) perceptual defense.
D) stereotyping.
E) attribution.

Question 74

Drew is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of being good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big Five personality factors?

A) Agreeableness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Emotional stability
D) Openness to experience
E) Extroversion

Question 75

When John evaluates Amy Jo's performance and gives her outstanding based on his knowledge that she came to work everyday earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. John is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment?

A) Perceptual defense
B) Projection
C) Stereotyping
D) The halo effect
E) Figure-ground

Question 76

The Big Five personality factors includes all of these EXCEPT

A) extroversion.
B) conscientiousness.
C) emotional stability.
D) locus of control.
E) agreeableness.

Question 77

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process?

A) Observing information
B) Screening the information
C) Selecting what to process
D) Organizing the selected data into patterns
E) Transmitting the observed information

Question 78

Which of the following is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention?

A) Person-job fit
B) Perceptual selectivity
C) Organizational citizenry
D) Projection
E) Perceptual grouping

Question 79

__________ refers to the tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people.

A) Perceptual defense
B) Projection
C) Stereotyping
D) The halo effect
E) Figure-ground

Question 80

An example of __________ would be someone who hates dealing with conflict because they had grown up with parents who constantly argued and often put them in the middle of their arguments.

A) perceptual defense
B) attribution
C) projection
D) halo effect
E) stereotyping