Deck 7: General Survey, Measurement, Vital Signs

Question 1

List the information considered in each of the four areas of a general survey: physical appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior.

Answer 1

The general survey is an overall impression of each patient and begins when the practitioner first encounters the person. Four areas are considered in this overview. Physical appearance includes an assessment of age, sex, level of consciousness, skin color, facial features, and signs of distress. Body structure addresses stature, nutritional status, symmetry, posture, position and body build, and notation of any obvious physical deformities. Mobility is concerned with gait and range of motion. Behavioral assessment considers facial expression, mood and affect, speech, dress, and personal hygiene. Changes in any of these areas may be indicative of an illness.

Question 2

Discuss measurement of weight and height.

Answer 2

Standardized balance or electronic standing scales may be used. The person should remove his or her heavy outer clothing and shoes before standing on the scale. When height is measured, the person should be shoeless, standing straight and looking straight ahead. These procedures vary with infants, children, and those who are unable to stand unassisted.

Question 3

Describe various routes of temperature measurement and special consideration for each route.

Answer 3

The routes of temperature measurement reflect the body's core temperature. The oral temperature is accurate and convenient. The oral route may not be appropriate for comatose or confused persons, those with a wired mandible or facial dysfunction, or those who cannot close the mouth. Axillary temperature is safe and accurate for infants and young children when the environment is reasonably controlled. The rectal route is used when other routes are not practical. Disadvantages of the rectal route are patient discomfort, time-consuming and disruptive activity, and risk of cross-contamination. A tympanic membrane thermometer is a noninvasive, non traumatic device that is quick and efficient. Special consideration is needed for patients with ear disorders.

Question 4

Describe the four qualities considered when one assesses the pulse.

Question 5

Describe the appropriate procedure for assessing normal respirations.

Question 6

Describe the relationships among the terms blood pressure, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP).

Question 7

List the factors that affect blood pressure.

Question 8

Relate the use of a blood pressure cuff of improper size to the possible findings that may be obtained.

Question 9

Discuss relevant developmental care in relation to a general survey.