Deck 10: Skin, Hair, Nails, Head, Face, and Neck, Including Regional Lymphatics

Question 1

Relate the anatomic structures of the skin to its functions.

Answer 1

Skin is part of the body's neurosensory system. As the body's largest organ system, the skin functions as the sentry of the body, protecting it from environmental stress and serving as a warning of danger. Intact skin protects the body from invasion by pathogens and loss of fluid and electrolytes. Sebum secreted through the hair follicles lubricates the skin and retards water loss. Through the evaporation of sweat or shivering, the skin acts as part of the body temperature regulatory system. Review the structure and function of the skin presented in the text as needed to perform this assessment efficiently.

Question 2

Describe the significant differences between the skin of the very young, the older adult, and the healthy adult.

Answer 2

Because of its immaturity, the skin of the very young is unable to effectively prevent fluid loss or function in temperature regulation. The stratum corneum of older skin thins and flattens, allowing chemicals easier access to the body. Wrinkling occurs because of the loss of elastin, collagen, and subcutaneous fat and reduced muscle tone.

Question 3

Cite examples of health care implications presented by skin alterations.

Answer 3

Patients of any age with burns, incisions, or lacerations must be protected from infection. Any procedure that alters the integrity of the skin makes the patient vulnerable to infection. The young must be protected from loss of body heat and the older patient from shearing and tearing injuries. All patients must be examined for skin changes that may be indicative of cancer.

Question 4

Describe the differentiation between normal and abnormal skin color for various ethnic groups.

Question 5

State the significance of skin tone changes.

Question 6

Complete an assessment of hair, skin, and nails using appropriate technique for all developmental stages.

Question 7

Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the hair, skin, and nails.

Question 8

Describe the significant features of the head.

Question 9

Identify the structures and landmarks of the neck.

Question 10

List the names of the lymph nodes of the neck and their locations.

Question 11

Describe the assessment that would follow the palpation of an abnormal lymph node.

Question 12

Identify relevant developmental care for the head and neck.

Question 13

Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the head, face, and neck.