Deck 14: Breasts and Regional Lymphatics

Question 1

Identify significant breast anatomy.

Answer 1

The breasts (paired mammary glands) are located between the second and sixth ribs and lie anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. They extend from the sternal margin to the midaxillary line. The nipple is just below the center of the breast and is surrounded by the areola for a 1- to 2-cm radius. Montgomery's glands in the areola secrete a protective lipid material during lactation. The tail of Spence projects up and laterally into the axilla. The breast is composed of glandular, fibrous, and adipose tissue.

Question 2

Describe the composition of breast glandular tissue.

Answer 2

The glandular tissue of the breast contains 15 to 20 lobes radiating from the nipple. Each lobe is composed of lobules; each lobe empties into a lactiferous duct that carries milk to the lactiferous sinuses or ampullae. These sinuses serve as reservoirs for storing milk behind the nipple.

Question 3

Relate the changes that occur in Cooper's ligaments with cancer.

Answer 3

Cooper's ligaments become contracted in cancer, producing pits or dimples in the overlying skin. These ligaments are responsible for supporting the breast tissue.

Question 4

Describe the ways of documenting clinical findings from a breast examination.

Question 5

Relate the anatomy of the breast lymphatic system.

Question 6

Review breast development in the adolescent female.

Question 7

Review breast changes that occur during pregnancy.

Question 8

Describe the procedure for teaching breast self-examination and incorporating health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the breasts.