Deck 22: Cardiothoracic Surgery

Question 1

______is the most common cyanotic congenital anomaly.

Answer 1

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 2

As the surgeon ties the polypropylene suture, the surgical technologist should ________the suture.

Answer 2

wet

Question 3

The two most common vessels used for CABG are the ________and the ________.

Answer 3

saphenous vein, internal mammary artery

Question 4

A common side-biting clamp used includes the ________clamp.

Question 5

At the end of any procedure entering the thoracic cavity, a ________is inserted.

Question 6

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-VAD

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 7

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-VSD

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 8

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-ASD

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 9

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-CABG

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 10

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-MID-CABG

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 11

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-OPCAB

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 12

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-CPB

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 13

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-CO

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 14

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-ABG

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 15

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-IABP

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 16

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-VATS

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 17

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-CCCT

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 18

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-COPD

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 19

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-IMA

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 20

Match the acronym with the correct meaning.

-LAD

A) Opening between the ventricles.
B) Uses stabilizer for heart to connect bypass grafts.
C) Heart-lung machine operated by perfusionist.
D) Use of endoscope for off-pump revascularization coronary artery, .
E) Can be an incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.
F) Amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.
G) Treatment of CHF; aids the ventricular cardiac cycle.
H) Used to determine pH of blood and oxygenation.
I) Bypass for coronary artery; uses CPB, hypothermia, and cardioplegia.
J) Sequence of resection for vessels.
K) Mechanical device inserted via the femoral artery used to increase coronary perfusion and assist the heart to recover postoperatively.
L) Branch of subclavian used for bypass.
M) Branch of the coronary artery; 50 percent of all lesions.
N) Lung disease.
O) Endoscopy-assisted thoracic surgery.

Question 21

Describe the components of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine.

Question 22

What two medications are commonly used for cardiothoracic surgery? Name the medications and their usage.

Question 23

During the cardiothoracic procedure, there are duties for the surgical technologist. Identify the actions to take for each of the following events.