Deck 10: Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 1

Which disorder did early researchers associate with autism?

A) Manic depression
B) Fragile X syndrome
C) Schizophrenia
D) Tourette syndrome

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The "parroting" of the speech of others is referred to as

A) Perseveration
B) Echolalia
C) Mimicking
D) Stereotypy

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which is not considered a characteristic of individuals with Asperger syndrome?

A) Poor motor skills
B) Inflexibility
C) Social awkwardness
D) Severe delays in language development

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A social story

A) Is presented immediately following a problem behavior
B) Uses a peer as the main character of the story
C) Is presented prior to the target situation
D) Must use text accompanied by pictures

Question 5

Research on intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders indicates substantial support for the use of

A) Dietary therapies
B) Behavioral treatment
C) Music therapy
D) Play therapy

Question 6

Whose work first described the symptoms that characterize autism?

A) Bernard Rimland
B) Leo Kanner
C) Bruno Bettelheim
D) Ole Ivar Lovaas

Question 7

What percentage of individuals with autism spectrum disorders is considered to be "autistic savants"?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 25%

Question 8

Current research suggests that the origin of autism spectrum disorders is related to

A) Biological factors
B) Psychological factors
C) Behavioral conditioning
D) Parent-child interaction

Question 9

An individual with "theory of mind" deficits is likely to have difficulty

A) Learning academic content
B) Following a multiple-step routine
C) Understanding the perspective of others
D) Listening to verbal directions

Question 10

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders?

A) The use of multiple assessment instruments
B) Diagnostic processes are administered by a team of professionals
C) Direct observations
D) A focus on measures of cognitive functioning

Question 11

What is the function of a VOCA device?

A) Produce synthesized speech
B) Assess an individual's job preferences
C) Stimulate an individual's vocal chords
D) Display pictures for communication

Question 12

Approximately 33.7% of students with autism spectrum disorders are served in

A) General education settings
B) Special schools
C) Self-contained classrooms
D) Residential facilities

Question 13

At what age does IDEA require the school to assist families with planning for transition?

A) 5
B) 12
C) 16
D) 18

Question 14

Which is not included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism?

A) Impairment in social interaction
B) Intellectual disability
C) Stereotyped and repetitive behaviors
D) Impairment in communication

Question 15

Early psychogenic theories of autism

A) Emphasized deviant maternal characteristics
B) Emphasized a genetic origin
C) Emphasized behavioral conditioning
D) Are prevalent today

Question 16

When are individualized family service plans typically developed for children with autism spectrum disorders?

A) During their transition to postsecondary settings
B) During the onset of early intervention services
C) During the transition from preschool to kindergarten settings
D) Following the occurrence of a change in the family unit

Question 17

What is not a characteristic of the TEACCH intervention model?

A) Predictability
B) Organization of the physical environment
C) Visually structured activities
D) Social rehearsal

Question 18

Which one of the following treatments is validated by research?

A) Hormone injections
B) Dietary treatments
C) Picture exchange communication system
D) Auditory integration training

Question 19

Leo Kanner differentiated autism from schizophrenia in all except which one of the following areas:

A) Extreme aloneness from the very beginning of life
B) Powerful desire for aloneness and sameness
C) Obsessive-compulsive behavior
D) An attachment to objects

Question 20

Which researcher used applied behavior analysis to treat children with autism?

A) Ole Ivar Lovaas
B) Bernard Rimland
C) Leo Kanner
D) Loretta Bender

Question 21

Which one of the following medical and psychiatric conditions is not associated with autism spectrum disorders?

A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Obesity
D) Sleep disorders

Question 22

Which one of the following suggests that autism may be neurological in nature?

A) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Seizure disorders

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of repetitive motor movements?

A) Echolalia
B) Inflexibility
C) Preoccupation with unusual objects
D) Greeting rituals

Question 24

Which one of the following is not a type of sentence used in writing social stories?

A) Descriptive
B) Interpretive
C) Perspective
D) Directive

Question 25

What is thought to be the prevalence of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and related development disorders in the United States?

A) 2.5 million people
B) 8.5 million people
C) 1.5 million people
D) 4.5 million people

Question 26

All of the following are examples of repetitive and restrictive behavior except

A) Cleanliness
B) Eating only certain foods
C) Repeated body movements
D) Rigidity about routines

Question 27

When was autism spectrum disorder described as a separate clinical category?

A) 1943
B) 1980
C) 1966
D) 1977

Question 28

Although no one instructional approach is effective with all students with autism spectrum disorders, an emphasis on developing ________________ and appropriate social skills is characteristic of most approaches.

A) Moral developmental skills
B) Environmental safety abilities
C) Functional communication abilities
D) Adaptive living skills

Question 29

How many hours of weekly intervention are recommended for young children with autism spectrum disorders?

A) 10 hours
B) 15 hours
C) 25 hours
D) 40 hours

Question 30

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders should be wary of interventions:

A) Claiming to cure individuals of autism
B) Supported by research
C) That are low cost
D) Suggested by related service providers

Question 31

Which one of the following is not considered a repetitive and restrictive behavior?

A) Nonfunctional rituals
B) Preoccupation with the parts of objects
C) Screaming to access an adult's attention
D) Limited patterns of interest

Question 32

What does autistic mean?

A) Unable to form affective relationships
B) Having intellectual disabilities
C) To escape from reality
D) To be locked into isolation

Question 33

Uneven skill development may be the cause for a common myth that, inside each autistic child, there is a(n)

A) Genius
B) Self-injurious tendency
C) Aggressive attitude
D) None of the above

Question 34

Who was one of the first behavioral psychologists to propose that autism was environmentally determined?

A) C. B. Fester
B) Loretta Bender
C) Bruno Bettelheim
D) Bernard Rimland

Question 35

"Bad mothering" is associated with which theory for causes of autism?

A) Environmental theory
B) Psychogenic theory
C) Organic theory
D) Behavioral theory

Question 36

Which of the following factors has contributed to the perceptions that people with autism spectrum disorders have special abilities?

A) The way that individuals with autism spectrum disorders have been portrayed in movies
B) Researchers have made claims concerning the special abilities of people with autism spectrum disorders
C) Large percentages of people with autism spectrum disorders have exhibited special abilities
D) People with autism spectrum disorders tend to score highly on measures of cognitive ability

Question 37

Impairments in the social interactions of individuals with autism spectrum disorders do not include

A) Decreased ability to use multiple nonverbal cues
B) Failure to establish developmentally appropriate peer relationships
C) A lack of seeking to share enjoyment with others
D) The inability to develop preferences for interaction with specific individuals

Question 38

All of the following are characteristics of early intervention services except

A) Health insurance services
B) Parent counseling and training
C) Occupational therapy
D) Assistive technology and services

Question 39

All of the following are common misconceptions about individuals with autism spectrum disorders except

A) They learn to communicate with sign language
B) They are unable to give or receive affection
C) They have overly aggressive tendencies
D) They possess special abilities

Question 40

Who set forth nine points as evidence of the biological origins of autism?

A) Ole Ivar Lovaas
B) Bruno Bettelheim
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Bernard Rimland

Question 41

A supervised, structured setting that provides job training in specific job skills is an example of which type of employment option?

A) Army training
B) Job coach
C) Supported employment
D) Sheltered workshops

Question 42

There is a cure for autism spectrum disorders.

Question 43

Deficits in social interaction include significant impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors, which include all of the following except

A) Eye-to-eye gaze
B) Facial expressions
C) Body postures and gestures
D) Receptive language

Question 44

Effective programs for students with autism spectrum disorders are early, intensive, and _______________.

A) Multidisciplinary
B) Affordable
C) Inclusive
D) Academic

Question 45

According to the federal government, more than 407,000 pupils ages __________ were identified as having autism during the 2011-2012 school year.

A) Birth-18
B) 6-21
C) 3-12
D) 14-21

Question 46

A thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres responsible for the higher mental functions, general movement, perception, and behavioral reactions is

A) Cerebral cortex
B) Brainstem
C) Amygdala
D) Basal ganglia

Question 47

A social communication deficit common in individuals with ASD, the failure to respond to a gaze or pointing by another person, is referred to as

A) Regulated movement
B) Asperger syndrome
C) Joint attention
D) None of the above

Question 48

The part of the brain responsible for emotional responses is

A) Cerebral cortex
B) Brainstem
C) Basal ganglia
D) Amygdala

Question 49

Most adults with autism spectrum disorders are able to independently maintain employment.

Question 50

Many effective programs use principles of ____________________________.

A) Sensory integration
B) Constructivism
C) Psychogenics
D) Applied behavior analysis

Question 51

The following behaviors are characteristics of individuals with spectrum disorders except

A) Weak motor skills
B) Hyperactivity
C) Self-injurious behavior
D) Impulsivity

Question 52

A specific medical test has been developed to diagnose autism spectrum disorders.

Question 53

Which of the following is not an example of how to teach high-functioning individuals with ASD?

A) Break down tasks
B) Prepare students for change
C) Avoid abstract ideas whenever possible
D) Use sarcasm

Question 54

As recently as 2009, the reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children ages 3 to 17 was 1 in 110.A more recent estimate suggests that one in every _____ children at age 8 is identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

A) 70
B) 88
C) 1,000
D) 100

Question 55

The application of computer technology to deliver instruction is

A) Augmentative and alternative communication
B) Picture exchange communication system
C) Computer-assisted instruction
D) None of the above

Question 56

Individuals with Asperger syndrome display no significant delay in language development.

Question 57

Special education programs with more___________________ are associated with better outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders.

A) Staff
B) Sensory integration strategies
C) Structure
D) Opportunities for inclusion

Question 58

______________ makes it possible to remember new information and recent events.

A) Brainstem
B) Hippocampus
C) Basal ganglia
D) Cerebellum

Question 59

Autism is a complex ___________________disorder of development.

A) Neurobiological
B) Behavioral
C) Psychological
D) Genetic

Question 60

__________ was the first behavioral psychologist to propose that autism was environmentally determined.

A) Bender
B) Lovaas
C) Fester
D) Kanner

Question 61

Deficits in pragmatic and/or social use of language are common in students with ASD.

Question 62

About 10% of individuals with ASD have special skills in areas such as mathematical calculations, memory feats, artistic and musical abilities, and reading.

Question 63

Many individuals with ASD understand that others may have different thoughts, plans, emotions, and perspectives from their own.

Question 64

Seventy-five percent of all school-age students with autism spectrum disorders currently receive services in a self-contained classroom.

Question 65

All individuals with autism show characteristic deficits in communication and social skills.

Question 66

During 2011-2012, one third of school-aged students also received services in a self-contained classroom.

Question 67

Research has identified a cure for autism.

Question 68

There is a limited body of research identifying best practice interventions for students with autism spectrum disorders.

Question 69

The highest functioning individuals with ASD have little, if any, difficulty developing friendships.

Question 70

ASD is the fastest growing developmental disability.

Question 71

A diagnosis of ASD can only be determined with medical testing.

Question 72

The precise cause of autism spectrum disorder is unknown.

Question 73

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders have an increased risk for seizures.

Question 74

Autism spectrum disorders are generally described as mild, moderate, or severe.

Question 75

Dietary and vitamin treatments and facilitated communication therapy are examples of CAM (complementary and alternative medicine).

Question 76

Dr.Bernard Rimland, a noted researcher in the field of autism spectrum disorder, is the parent of an individual with autism.

Question 77

A diagnosis for autism requires evidence that 9 of the 12 (or a gross majority)symptoms listed in the DSM-5 be present.

Question 78

A diagnosis of autism requires evidence that 11 of the 12 symptoms are present.

Question 79

One disadvantage of picture exchange communication systems is that they may interfere with the user's development of spoken language.

Question 80

Asperger syndrome is foremost a social disorder.