Deck 13: Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Question 1

Mongol families often included believers in two or more religions, however, virtually all Mongols observed the practices of:

A) Islam.
B) Shamanism.
C) Orthodox Christianity
D) Atheism.
E) Buddhism.

Answer 1

Shamanism.

Question 2

Menial work in Mongol camps was done by

A) women
B) gendered division of labor
C) slaves
D) children.
E) all of these.

Answer 2

slaves

Question 3

The Mongol way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, was largely

A) hunting and gathering.
B) agricultural.
C) based on procurement.
D) pastoral.
E) urbanized.

Answer 3

pastoral.

Question 4

To maintain control of vast areas, the Mongols formed different khanates. The Golden Horde ruled over Russia and the Chagatai ruled over

A) Russia.
B) Japan.
C) Central Asian domains.
D) India.
E) Korea.

Question 5

Who attempted to write the first world history?

A) The Abbasid caliph
B) Marco Polo
C) Ibn Battuta
D) Ivan III
E) Rashid al-Din

Question 6

Why was there a cultural flowering in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia under the Timurids?

A) The European style of the Renaissance reached Central Asia.
B) The Dutch tulip was a cultural catalyst between the two societies.
C) The Timurids were schooled in art in Italy.
D) Egyptian artisans migrated throughout Central Asia and the Middle East.
E) Iran and China shared artistic trends and political ideas.

Question 7

The first Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan were in

A) Central Asia, the Middle East, and Russia.
B) Japan and Korea.
C) Northern China.
D) Egypt.
E) Annam.

Question 8

As a result of the Il-Khan attempt to repel them in the Crimean/Caucauses areas, the Golden Horde formed an alliance with:

A) Persian Muslims.
B) Egyptian Mamluks.
C) Seljuk Turks.
D) Byzantine (Ottoman) Janissary forces.
E) Buddhists in India.

Question 9

The conflict between the Il-khans and the Golden Horde originated in

A) economic differences.
B) religious differences.
C) cultural differences.
D) philosophical differences.
E) political differences.

Question 10

Tax farming in the il-Khan state was

A) the payment of taxes solely by farmers.
B) the sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations.
C) the exemption granted to farmers from taxation.
D) the growth of a new cash crop.
E) the raising of crops on government land to pay for government expenses.

Question 11

In 1265, major divisions emerged between the Mongol khans because

A) many branches refused to accept Khubilai as Great Khan.
B) Jagadai did not accept Shamanism.
C) Batu and Khubilai teamed up against Jagadai.
D) some refused to accept an alliance with the Mamluks.
E) Yuan defied tribunal consensus to attack central Europe.

Question 12

After rejection by his family for the title of Great Khan, Khubilai formed

A) the Golden Horde.
B) the Central Asian Khanate.
C) Il-Khan Empire of Iran.
D) the Yuan Empire in China and Siberia.
E) he was assassinated by political rivals.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to Mongol military supremacy?

A) enormous conscripted armies to outnumber their enemies
B) superior riding skills.
C) more technically proficient bows.
D) flaming arrows
E) catapults to hurl sometimes-flaming projectiles.

Question 14

In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion?

A) Islam
B) Judaism
C) Christianity
D) Buddhism
E) Shinto

Question 15

Narratives such as Marco Polo's created a European

A) isolationist mentality.
B) image of Mongol poverty.
C) ambition to find easier routes to Asia.
D) fear of Mongol contact.
E) aversion to all things from Asia.

Question 16

The Mongol leader, the khan,

A) had absolute power in decision making.
B) had his decisions ratified by a council.
C) was a figurehead only.
D) had no power to make decisions but retained a veto.
E) deferred to the Mongol Parliament.

Question 17

Which of the Mongol Khans attacked Russian territories and took control of towns along the Volga?

A) Genghis
B) Ögödei
C) Khubilai
D) Batu
E) Güyük

Question 18

Apparently envisioning himself as a new Genghis Khan, this ruler of the Chagatai Khanate attacked the Muslim sultanate of Delhi in 1398:

A) Jagadai
B) Ghazan
C) Timur
D) Juvaini
E) Hülegü

Question 19

The scholar Nasir al-Din Tusi, who wrote on history, poetry, ethics and religion, was most notable for his contributions in

A) poetry written in Persian.
B) an encompassing world history.
C) translation of philosophy.
D) mathematical developments in algebra and trigonometry.
E) cartography.

Question 20

One of the most significant effects of Mongol trade routes was the spread of diseases including

A) typhus.
B) influenza.
C) smallpox.
D) bubonic plague.
E) all of the above.

Question 21

To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperors, starting with Hongwu,

A) severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners.
B) built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.
C) changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese.
D) marched all the Mongols to the Korean border.
E) formed close ties with the Manchu instead.

Question 22

Mongol rulers in China were increasingly influenced by the idea of a universal rulership model by religious leaders called lamas from

A) Tibet.
B) Korea.
C) Vietnam.
D) India.
E) Japan.

Question 23

The Russian prince who advocated cooperation with the Mongols to avoid destructive assimilation was

A) Alexander Nevskii.
B) Dmitri Donskoi.
C) Ivan III.
D) Vladimir the Viking.
E) Grigorii Preobrazhenskii.

Question 24

Mongol armies often consisted of

A) a multinational force with Mongol commanders.
B) ethnic Mongols only.
C) both male and female soldiers.
D) Chinese mercenaries.
E) Uighurs only.

Question 25

The emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols, called the

A) Imperial House.
B) Forbidden City.
C) Heavenly Gates.
D) Dragon's Court.
E) Red Square.

Question 26

What economic problems did Russia see during the time of Mongol domination?

A) overzealous tax collection by Russian princes
B) the burden of taxation carried by the peasantry.
C) the attempt to introduce paper money by the Mongols.
D) direct exchange of goods rather than purchases in currency.
E) all of these.

Question 27

Reliance on provincial production of goods instead of urban centralization of production was termed:

A) gendered division of labor
B) the factory system
C) feudalism
D) cottage industry
E) pastoralist economic modeling

Question 28

Which Russian ruler was the first to use the term "tsar" (Latin for caesar)?

A) Alexander Nevskii
B) Peter the Great
C) Ivan III
D) Ivan IV
E) Catherine the Great

Question 29

One effect of the rise of cities in Yuan China was

A) the increasing influence of Mandarin.
B) the rise of a class of educated holy men.
C) the decline of the prestige of the warrior class.
D) improved nutrition of the urban population.
E) an interest in trade for the first time in China.

Question 30

A significant transmission and sharing of scientific knowledge originating in the Middle East and reaching Europe and India was found in the form of:

A) formulas for alchemical processes.
B) Uigher calendar calculations.
C) eclipse predictions and tables.
D) networked astronomical observatories.
E) a centralized library of shared knowledge at Tabriz.

Question 31

In the Yuan Empire, the Mongols were the warriors, and the Central Asians and the Middle Easterners were the census takers and the

A) tax collectors.
B) farmers.
C) priests.
D) commanders.
E) rulers.

Question 32

Benefits of Mongol rule in the Yuan Empire included all of the following EXCEPT

A) secure trade routes
B) transition to tax farming instead of fixed rate method
C) exchange of technical expertise between the East and West
D) transmission of knowledge and skills
E) all of these

Question 33

Which group held the lowest social rank in Yuan China?

A) Southern Chinese
B) Northern Chinese
C) Middle Easterners
D) Central Asians
E) Mongols

Question 34

The significant scientific discoveries of Islamic scholars were translated by

A) Arabic scholars.
B) Byzantine monks into Greek.
C) Christian scholars in Spain.
D) Indian scholars in Delhi.
E) all of these.

Question 35

In 1453, the Ottomans led by Sultan Mehmet II captured which important Christian city of the Byzantine Empire?

A) Kiev
B) Vienna
C) Paris
D) Budapest
E) Constantinople

Question 36

Because Mongols controlled access to the Silk Road after the overthrow of the Yuan, the emperor Yongle put an emphasis on

A) maritime trade connecting with Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean.
B) overland trade through India and Arabia.
C) trade through Buddhist monasteries.
D) trans-Pacific exploration.
E) none of these; trade decreased because people could not afford to travel by Silk Road and pay Mongol tariffs.

Question 37

Stephen Dushan took advantage of weakening Byzantine influence and proclaimed himself tsar of

A) the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Slavs.
B) the Greeks, Byzantines, Bulgarians, and Sicilians.
C) the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Macedonians.
D) the Macedonians, Albanians, Slavs, and Serbs.
E) the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Albanians.

Question 38

Which of the following is an aspect of Mongol rule that created hardship and a sharp population decrease in China?

A) Migration and flooding of the Yellow River
B) warfare
C) Bubonic plague
D) female infanticide
E) all of the above

Question 39

In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the

A) Manchu Empire.
B) Yi Kingdom.
C) Ming Empire.
D) Song Empire.
E) Tang Empire.

Question 40

Which of the following did the Europeans not learn about from the Mongols, but rather from the Ming Chinese?

A) Porcelain
B) Movable type and bronze cannon
C) Gunpowder and high-temperature metallurgy
D) Coal mining and higher mathematics
E) Diplomatic passports

Question 41

Zheng He's primary accomplishment was

A) converting barbarians to Islam.
B) discovering new lands in the East.
C) bringing wealth to China.
D) acquiring Ming tributary states.
E) discovering the Philippines.

Question 42

Which of the following areas were not under Mongol domination?

A) Japan
B) North Vietnam
C) Korea
D) a and b above
E) none of the above

Question 43

Identify the following term(s).
Chinggus Khan

Question 44

What was the primary reason for the slowdown of technology after Yongle's death?

A) limitation of the mining industry by the Ming empire.
B) Japanese coastal piracy prevented transmission of new ideas and techniques.
C) a religious edict by the conservative traditional elements
D) collapse of the economy with the flood of silver from Spanish and Portuguese explorers.
E) none of these

Question 45

Identify the following term(s).
Yuan Empire

Question 46

Ming China didn't develop seafaring for commercial and military because commercial maritime expectations fell short and:

A) The emperor feared outside contacts and influence.
B) The peasantry were a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.
C) The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets.
D) The Mongol threat from the north and west took priority over seafaring.
E) The Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China's trading partners.

Question 47

Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are examples of

A) Ming fiction literature.
B) Ming racehorses.
C) Ming silk tapestry designs.
D) Ming wallpaper.
E) famous Ming sailing vessels.

Question 48

How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?

A) Japanese clans took political control of their regions.
B) Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets.
C) Japanese monks were held hostage.
D) The Japanese military government spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, and training and outfitting their warriors.
E) Japan reinstated direct imperial rule.

Question 49

What military techniques or innovations made the Choson military a formidable defensive force?

A) cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers.
B) compound bows and chain mail.
C) battering rams and Trojan horses.
D) phalanxes of soldiers deployed by rota.
E) the development of poison gas canisters.

Question 50

Kamikaze means

A) suicide.
B) triumphant death.
C) divine wind.
D) honorable death.
E) wisdom of the gods.

Question 51

One of the most prized commercial products of the Ming Empire was:

A) green or ginseng ink.
B) teakwood clocks.
C) porcelain.
D) lightweight cannon.
E) wool.

Question 52

Identify the following term(s).
Mongols

Question 53

After the Ming withdrawal, Dai Viet consolidated power by conquering

A) Champa.
B) Singapore.
C) Tibet.
D) Korea.
E) Russia.

Question 54

Two main areas of mechanized production in Yi Songgye's Korea were in

A) celadon pottery and cannon.
B) cotton and movable-type font.
C) glass and metal.
D) silk and pottery.
E) porcelain and gunpowder.

Question 55

What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan?

A) The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.
B) The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing.
C) A storm prevented them from establishing a base.
D) Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology.
E) The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base.

Question 56

Unlike in Ming China, the development of agriculture in the Choson kingdom was based on what cash crop?

A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Sugar
D) Cotton
E) Tobacco

Question 57

The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was that

A) they were mutually hostile.
B) the Koryo kings were of mostly Mongol descent and royal families became attached and loyal to the Mongols.
C) the Koryo family revolted against the Mongols and expelled them from Korea.
D) the Mongols considered the Koryo family and all Koreans "barbarians."
E) of parents and children, with the Koryo family as the parents.

Question 58

Which of the following was not a reason for economic decline in China after the death of Yongle?

A) Decreased production of metal
B) Lack of commercial development
C) Reemphasis of the classic examination system, rather than commercialism
D) A switch to growing staple crops instead of commercial crops
E) Resurgence of the bubonic plague

Question 59

Identify the following term(s).
nomadism

Question 60

The rise of literacy in Korea resulted from the

A) combination of an improved printing system and the han'gul writing system.
B) institution of a university system.
C) spread of woodblock printing from China and the Mongol writing system.
D) imposition of Japanese rule, which forced the formation of public schools.
E) popularity of Islam, which required that all Muslims read the Quran.

Question 61

Identify the following term(s).
lama

Question 62

Identify the following term(s).
Choson

Question 63

Identify the following term(s).
Khubilai Khan

Question 64

Identify the following term(s).
Battle of Ain Jalut

Question 65

Identify the following term(s).
Ming Empire

Question 66

Identify the following term(s).
bubonic plague

Question 67

Identify the following term(s).
Beijing

Question 68

Identify the following term(s).
tsar

Question 69

Identify the following term(s).
Rashid al-Din

Question 70

Identify the following term(s).
Zheng He

Question 71

Identify the following term(s).
Ashikaga Shogunate

Question 72

Identify the following term(s).
Golden Horde

Question 73

Identify the following term(s).
Alexander Nevskii

Question 74

Identify the following term(s).
Nasir al-Din Tusi

Question 75

Identify the following term(s).
Timur

Question 76

Identify the following term(s).
Il-khan

Question 77

Identify the following term(s).
Yongle

Question 78

Identify the following term(s).
khan

Question 79

Identify the following term(s).
Ottoman Empire

Question 80

Identify the following term(s).
kamikaze