Deck 30: The Collapse of the Old Order

Question 1

The Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930 was

A) a tax on raw materials for industrialization.
B) a means to supply the USSR with machines for the Lend-Lease program.
C) an economic embargo imposed by the European Allies against German imports in retaliation for suspension of reparations payments.
D) a protective tariff on imported goods applied by the United States to stimulate the domestic economy.
E) a plan to tax participants in the League of Nations to pay for rebuilding the European economy.

Answer 1

a protective tariff on imported goods applied by the United States to stimulate the domestic economy.

Question 2

Stalin's spectacular purge trials were initiated after which of the following events?

A) the collapse of the trans-Siberian railway.
B) the murder of Sergei Kirov.
C) the Cheka head was replaced by Lavrenty Beria.
D) the politburo discovered a plot by the Mensheviks to assassinate Stalin.
E) None of these.

Answer 2

the murder of Sergei Kirov.

Question 3

One of the most outspoken feminists of the Bolshevik Party was

A) Irina Krupskaia
B) Anna Akhmatova
C) Alexandra Kollontai
D) Rosa Luxemburg
E) Tatiana Romanova

Answer 3

Alexandra Kollontai

Question 4

At the height of the Stalinist terror of the 1930s

A) millions of Jews were slaughtered in gas chambers.
B) Moscow was burnt to the ground as part of Stalin's "scorched earth" policy.
C) the USSR joined forces with Germany and Italy to invade Poland.
D) Stalin was killed in a Kremlin coup.
E) approximately one million citizens died a year in the gulags.

Question 5

The Soviet Union paid for the First Five-Year Plan by

A) using revenue from the colonies.
B) borrowing heavily from Western nations.
C) creating a new middle class.
D) seizing neighboring territories.
E) squeezing the peasants through collectivization.

Question 6

Stalin's First Five-Year Plan stressed

A) increases in electricity and heavy industries.
B) production of consumer goods for export.
C) acquiring colonies to protect the Soviet economy.
D) decentralized control and economic incentives.
E) participation in the European Union.

Question 7

What did Adolf Hitler write while in jail in the 1920s?

A) The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
B) All Quiet on the Western Front
C) Mein Kampf
D) The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
E) Das Boot

Question 8

China's response to the Depression was

A) one of the worst in the non-industrialized world
B) very little, as their problems were more political than economic.
C) to start a revolution for modernization.
D) to make an alliance with Japan for raw materials in exchange for imported finished goods.
E) negligible, as their economy was growing under the auspices of Communism.

Question 9

The slogan about Benito Mussolini repeated in fascist Italy was

A) "Il Duce (the leader) is always right."
B) "One Italy, one God, one leader."
C) "Italy for the Italians."
D) "In your heart, you know he's right."
E) "A Commitment to Excellence."

Question 10

The economy of southern African boomed during the Depression because

A) it was based on agriculture, not industry.
B) it was not part of the world economy.
C) the Depression made gold more valuable.
D) it was exploited as a colony.
E) of the abundant supply of slave labor.

Question 11

The stock market crash of 1929 turned into

A) the deepest, most widespread depression in history.
B) an economic boon to the "common man," as he was now able to afford stock.
C) a minor depression followed by an economic recovery.
D) a "limited" depression in some countries, but not most Western countries.
E) a depression for the United States only.

Question 12

Hitler's idea of a "master race" did not include which group?

A) Alpine Italians.
B) Russians.
C) Eastern European Slavs.
D) Jews.
E) All of the above.

Question 13

How did the Nazi takeover of Germany affect Stalin's second Five-Year Plan?

A) It did not change his plan.
B) Stalin intended to produce arms but decided to produce consumer goods instead.
C) It provided Stalin with a new trading partner who also was a militarist.
D) The Nazis demanded that Stalin cancel his second Five-Year Plan.
E) Stalin intended to produce consumer goods but decided to produce arms instead.

Question 14

The better-off peasants, or kulaks, reacted to collectivization by

A) killing their livestock.
B) burning their crops.
C) smashing their equipment.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

Question 15

The Purges were a series of trials based on the opportunity to do which of the following

A) Stalin's desire to remove old supporters of Lenin from the Party.
B) the plan to remove Red Army officers suspected of treason.
C) spread the terror to the lower levels of the population.
D) prepare the population for a dictatorship of the proletariat.
E) all of the above

Question 16

Italy's fasci di combattimento demanded action and intimidated politicians in Italy, and they were initially comprised mainly

A) radical politicians and hired thugs.
B) conservative politicians and the military.
C) disgruntled workers and socialists.
D) unemployed veterans and violent youths.
E) pardoned prisoners.

Question 17

Stalin's main tool for implementing terror was the

A) KGB.
B) NVKD.
C) People's Commissar.
D) SovNarKom.
E) NEP.

Question 18

Which of the following were actions taken by Benito Mussolini?

A) He put Fascists in government jobs.
B) He liberalized education.
C) He gave employers control over employees.
D) He crushed all other political parties.
E) all of the above.

Question 19

Despite the Stalinist terror, Soviet women

A) found themselves in more repressed roles.
B) were expected to work only in farm collectives.
C) entered jobs and careers previously closed to them.
D) found their roles in society unchanged.
E) gained equality with men.

Question 20

Franklin D. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan was called the

A) New Deal.
B) Square Deal.
C) New Frontier.
D) Fair Deal.
E) Trickle Down Economics.

Question 21

At Nanjing, the Japanese troops raped

A) 200 Chinese women.
B) 800 Chinese women.
C) 1,700 Chinese women.
D) 15,000 Chinese women.
E) 20,000 Chinese women.

Question 22

The excuse used by Japan to provoke the Manchurian Incident in 1931 was

A) a riot by the Chinese against Japanese presence.
B) the need to declare a war on drugs against China's opium trade.
C) an explosion on a railway track.
D) that the Chinese were allying with Russia, and Japan wanted to prevent a recurrence of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.
E) that China threatened Japanese imperial holdings in Korea.

Question 23

Hitler's goal for Germany included which of the following

A) the repeal of the Treaty of Versailles.
B) to take over all German-speaking territory.
C) to expand into Poland.
D) to eliminate the Jews from Europe.
E) all of the above.

Question 24

In the early years of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded which of the following countries?

A) Germany and Japan
B) Germany and Italy
C) eastern Poland and the Baltic republics
D) France and China
E) Greece and Turkey

Question 25

Mao Zedong's variety of communism was a radical departure from the traditional ideology because it

A) emphasized the urban proletariat.
B) involved no land distribution.
C) relied on the peasantry.
D) was the same as Stalin's brand of communism.
E) only accepted individuals under twelve years old so they could be properly indoctrinated.

Question 26

In 1939, Hitler formed the Axis with Italy and signed a "secret pact" with which world power?

A) Japan
B) Italy
C) USSR
D) Spain
E) Yugoslavia

Question 27

Hitler's popularity came in large part from the German people's belief that

A) he was a religious, as well as a political, leader.
B) the German Communist Party should rule Europe.
C) economic well-being outweighed a loss of liberty.
D) he was literally the second coming of Jesus Christ.
E) All of these

Question 28

Hitler's resumption of offensive tactics in 1940 focused on which area?

A) Belgium
B) France
C) Denmark
D) Norway
E) all of the above

Question 29

Why was the winter of 1939-40 termed a period of "phony war?"

A) The revelation of the Soviet-German pact over Poland was revealed.
B) Britain and France declared war on Germany but took no action.
C) The perception was that there was no real war without US involvement.
D) The Soviet Union did not actively fight, but let winter kill off most of their enemies.
E) none of these.

Question 30

Many Japanese nationalists thought that the answer to the Depression was to

A) once again close Japan to Western influence.
B) have Japan establish a colonial empire.
C) better support Japanese agriculture.
D) make prayers and sacrifices to their ancestors.
E) All of these

Question 31

Eventually, Japanese leaders realized that the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) with China

A) was too popular at home to make peace.
B) was a drain on Japanese resources.
C) was morally repugnant.
D) was self-defeating as they were ethnically similar people.
E) would be over in a short period of time if they could hold on.

Question 32

Why was Chiang Kai-shek less focused on building up the Chinese military for fighting the Japanese after escaping to Sichuan?

A) He knew that war with Japan was going to be very drawn out.
B) He had already lost significant troops in Beijing.
C) He needed troops to rebuild the infrastructure after he had destroyed the dikes of the Yellow River.
D) He was preparing for a future battle with Mao's Communist army.
E) He planned to form an alliance with Russia and knew it would require a troop commitment.

Question 33

Per his earlier writings in Mein Kampf, Hitler's plan for Russia was

A) to enslave the Slavic people and create "living space" to the East.
B) complete genocide of all Bolsheviks.
C) to work in cooperation with Stalin to execute all Jews.
D) to take over the fertile agricultural lands of western Russia.
E) to install Catholicism in place of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Question 34

What were the reasons for the politics of "appeasement"?

A) Fear of war
B) Fear of communism
C) Lack of familiarity with fascist tactics
D) Belief that one's word was as good as a contract, according to Neville Chamberlain
E) All of these

Question 35

Mao Zedong's 1934 escape from the Guomindang to Shaanxi was called the

A) Miracle of Mao.
B) Long March.
C) Trek to the Mountain.
D) March of Madness.
E) Night of Terror.

Question 36

The German Blitzkrieg meant, literally,

A) death from above.
B) no surrender.
C) total war.
D) lightning war.
E) secret war.

Question 37

The Germans were unable to overcome the British use of radar and code-breaking in the Battle of Britain, which was conducted primarily by

A) air attacks.
B) submarines.
C) naval warships.
D) ground force invasion on the beaches at Hastings.
E) detonating a magneto-electric pulse on London to wipe out all electric power.

Question 38

Hitler's first invasion with a newly rearmed Germany in 1938 was in

A) Czechoslovakia.
B) Poland.
C) Austria.
D) Belgium.
E) Finland.

Question 39

In 1935, Mussolini took advantage of the weakness of the Western democracies and

A) invaded Ethiopia.
B) launched a bombing campaign against France.
C) ended diplomatic relations with Britain.
D) sent military aid to Germany.
E) annexed Sicily.

Question 40

Which of the following were among Mao Zedong's policies toward women?

A) He encouraged women to organize.
B) He allowed divorce.
C) He banned arranged marriage.
D) He banned footbinding.
E) All of the above.

Question 41

The prime motivation for the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia was

A) its abundant strategic materials including oil and rubber.
B) the opportunity to defeat Western powers.
C) to keep the Japanese people satisfied.
D) to keep the United States from entering the war.
E) to avenge the execution of Japanese sailors in 1938.

Question 42

One of the fiercest battles on the Volga River between USSR and Germany, and a key turning point in the war, was at

A) Lvov.
B) Stalingrad.
C) Moscow.
D) Riga.
E) Odessa.

Question 43

Identify the following term(s).
Benito Mussolini

Question 44

On December 7, 1941,

A) the Yalta Conference took place and set in motion the plans for the Axis defeat.
B) Japanese planes bombed the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.
C) Japan surrender to the United States to end World War II.
D) the Soviet Union invaded north China.
E) the United States army invaded the home islands of Japan.

Question 45

The end of the war in the Pacific arena was hastened by

A) the U.S. use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
B) the refusal of the United States to consider any alternatives.
C) international objection to the slaughter of civilian populations.
D) the environmental effects of radioactivity.
E) the economic devastation that would occur to the rest of Japan.

Question 46

The final defeat of Japan took longer than victory over Germany in large part because

A) of fanatical Japanese resistance.
B) the Japanese had captured so much more territory.
C) the United States had concentrated its efforts on Germany.
D) the Allies were unsure of whether to use the atomic bomb.
E) ice floes surrounded the islands of Japan.

Question 47

Which of the following scientific and technological innovations were spurred by World War II?

A) Synthetic rubber
B) Radar
C) Antibiotics
D) Nuclear weapons
E) All of the above

Question 48

The Holocaust is estimated to have killed ____ Jews.

A) 500,000
B) 1 million
C) 3 million
D) 6 million
E) 10 million

Question 49

The Communist Chinese forces defeated the Guomindang largely through

A) the greed and ineptness of the Guomindang.
B) better training and equipment.
C) a larger army and navy.
D) a last-minute alliance with Japan.
E) the use of smallpox as a biological weapon.

Question 50

The German Army would go on the defensive in North Africa after this army prevailed in the Battle of El Alamein.

A) British
B) Moroccan
C) Egyptian
D) Arabic
E) Italian

Question 51

The Battle of Midway proved that the key to victory in the Pacific Ocean was

A) holding the Philippine Islands.
B) aircraft carriers.
C) the base at Pearl Harbor.
D) the atomic bomb.
E) short supply lines.

Question 52

Which of the following was a result of increased United States production during World War II?

A) It ended the Depression and unemployment.
B) It created a post-World War II consumer boom.
C) It helped improve nutrition in the United States.
D) It was double that of all the Axis nations.
E) All of the above.

Question 53

The start of the final Allied push to end the war in Europe began on June 6, 1944, forever after known as

A) The Big One.
B) D-Day.
C) Operation Caprica.
D) The Norman Invasion.
E) Battle of the Bulge.

Question 54

Soviet deaths during World War II numbered between ____ million.

A) 2 and 3
B) 5 and 6
C) 10 and 12
D) 20 and 25
E) 45 and 50

Question 55

Identify the following term(s).
Five-Year Plans

Question 56

The main cause of environmental stress during World War II was the

A) scarring of battlefields by enormous armies.
B) tremendous number of refugees.
C) economic development, which increased demand for raw materials.
D) bombing of cities into ruins.
E) massive numbers of diseased corpses.

Question 57

The Chinese Communist Party enhanced its prestige by doing which of the following:

A) redistributing lands of the wealthy among the poor peasants.
B) obtaining Japanese equipment seized by the Soviets.
C) obtaining American weapons taken from the GMD.
D) waging battles against corrupt and alienating GMD forces.
E) all of the above.

Question 58

Which group was murdered by the Nazis in the interest of "racial purity"?

A) Homosexuals
B) The disabled and mentally ill
C) The Polish elite
D) Gypsies
E) All of the above

Question 59

Identify the following term(s).
Joseph Stalin

Question 60

One of the most significant long-lasting consequences of World War II in the United States was the

A) recruitment of women and minorities into the labor force.
B) end of any German military threat.
C) loss of the U.S. Pacific colonies.
D) encouragement of racial discrimination.
E) extension of mandatory retirement until age sixty-five.

Question 61

Identify the following term(s).
Mao Zedong

Question 62

Identify the following term(s).
Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

Question 63

Identify the following term(s).
Hiroshima

Question 64

Identify the following term(s).
Nazis

Question 65

Identify the following term(s).
Stalingrad

Question 66

Identify the following term(s).
Long March

Question 67

Identify the following term(s).
Pearl Harbor

Question 68

Identify the following term(s).
Auschwitz

Question 69

Identify the following term(s).
magnetophon

Question 70

Identify the following term(s).
Fascist Party

Question 71

Identify the following term(s).
Adolf Hitler

Question 72

Identify the following term(s).
blitzkrieg

Question 73

Identify the following term(s).
The Manchurian Incident

Question 74

Identify the following term(s).
El Alamein

Question 75

Identify the following term(s).
Holocaust

Question 76

Identify the following term(s).
appeasement

Question 77

Identify the following term(s).
Chiang Kai-shek

Question 78

Identify the following term(s).
Battle of Midway

Question 79

Identify the following term(s).
collectivization

Question 80

Identify the following term(s).
kulaks