Deck 5: Values Development

Question 1

What does Phase 2 of Gilligan's study of the psychological development of women include?

A) a sense of goodness as self-sacrifice, in which the needs of others are often put ahead of self
B) a concern about the reaction of others as a basis for decisions and behaviour
C) reflecting a movement into a world beyond the family and a deep appreciation of connectedness
D) a deep appreciation of connectedness, including responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one

Answer 1

a sense of goodness as self-sacrifice, in which the needs of others are often put ahead of self

Question 2

Which of the following describes the development of intellectual capacities through the time of childhood, from birth to around age 15 years?

A) Kohlberg's theory of moral development
B) Piaget's stages of cognitive development
C) Lao Tsu's theory of development
D) Fowler's stages of faith development

Answer 2

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

Question 3

From whose frameworks do the discussions of moral development found in current literature primarily flow?

A) Kohlberg and Gilligan
B) Piaget and Fowler
C) Thomas
D) Colby and Kohlberg

Answer 3

Kohlberg and Gilligan

Question 4

What are the key factors associated with Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

A) relationships and logic
B) responsibility and caring
C) personal liberty and rights
D) reciprocity and equality

Question 5

What is another term that can be used interchangeably with "human values development"?

A) moral development
B) faith development
C) ethical values
D) formal operations development

Question 6

Which level of Thomas's moral response is "Blind following of standards set by somebody else" an example of?

A) expressive level
B) pre-reflective level
C) self-reflective level
D) reflective level

Question 7

Which of the following is believed to be learned within, and shared by, a group of interacting persons?

A) etiquette
B) independence
C) values
D) connections

Question 8

What is the term for the moral imperative being grounded in relationship with and responsibility for one another?

A) ethic of justice
B) ethic of care
C) faith development
D) cognitive development

Question 9

What does Phase 3 of Gilligan's study of the psychological development of women include?

A) a focus on what is best for the self, including selfishness and dependence on others
B) responsibility to self is taken into account, along with responding to needs of others
C) mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity
D) responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one

Question 10

How can nurses avoid making inappropriate judgments about another's moral capabilities?

A) by understanding that all people have the same ethical, moral, and cultural values; they are just named differently
B) by keeping strict adherence to hospital and unit guidelines while caring for the patient and patient's family
C) by understanding varying perspectives from which moral decisions are made by both the nurse and the patient
D) by recognizing that needs are not always clear and that emotions encompass perspectives of care

Question 11

In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, what are the two stages of the pre-operational level called?

A) punishment and obedience
B) environmental interaction and stimuli
C) language and logical thought
D) magical thinking and some reasoning

Question 12

According to Kohlberg and Gilligan, which of the following is the final stage in an adult's values development?

A) universal consideration
B) renewed perspective
C) perceived authority
D) general consensus

Question 13

What are two of the stages at the post-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

A) prior rights and social contract
B) individual instrumental purpose and exchange
C) punishment and obedience
D) universal moral principles

Question 14

Which of the following does Stage 1 of Gilligan's study of the Psychological Development of Women include?

A) a focus on what is best for the self, and includes selfishness and dependence on others
B) a sense of being responsible for others, so that one is regarded positively
C) a period when the imperatives of absolute love and justice become prime, and energy is focused on transforming the present reality toward transcendent actuality
D) a deep appreciation of connectedness, including responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one