Question 1

A major focus of nursing science during the 1970s was:&#10;A) communication of research findings.&#10;B) health care delivery.&#10;C) illness prevention.&#10;D) nursing education.

Accepted Answer

Communication of research findings was a major issue for nursing in the 1970s. National and international research conferences were held, and several new research journals were published during this decade.
Health care delivery became a focus in the 1980s and 1990s.
Illness prevention has become the focus of current research in nursing.
Nursing education was focused on more in the 1950s.

Question 2

An example of inductive reasoning is:&#10;A) going from a single diabetic patient to all diabetic patients.&#10;B) moving from all chronically ill patients to a single chronically ill patient.&#10;C) using a standard nursing care plan to care for a specific patient.&#10;D) using a computerized nursing care plan to care for insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general.
Moving from all chronically ill patients to a single chronically ill patient is an example of moving from the general to the specific. This is deductive reasoning.
Using a standard nursing care plan to care for a specific patient is an example of moving from the general to the specific and is an example of deductive reasoning.
Using a computerized nursing care plan to care is for insulin-dependent diabetic patients is an example of moving from the general to the specific. This is an example of deductive reasoning.

Question 3

Which of the following studies would not be considered nursing research?&#10;A) Assessing the knowledge base of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients&#10;B) Developing innovative pin insertion techniques for fracture treatment&#10;C) Evaluating the effectiveness of wound care in diabetic patients&#10;D) Reviewing staff nurse retention policies in rural hospital settings

Accepted Answer

Nursing research involves direct or indirect generation of new knowledge. This research is applicable to biomedical and medical sciences.
Research focuses on important aspect of practice in assessing caregivers.
Research focuses on care/practice aspect of nursing.
Research focuses on cost and a quality-effectiveness approach to health care delivery.

Question 4

A research study investigating the benefits of ambulation after cesarean section would be an example of which type of research evidence?&#10;A) Control&#10;B) Description&#10;C) Explanation&#10;D) Prediction

Accepted Answer

Description involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among these phenomena.
Control can be described as the ability to write a prescription to produce the desired outcome.
Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and identifies why certain events occur.
Through prediction, the probability of a specific outcome can be estimated in a given situation.

Question 5

A study was conducted to determine which palliative care measures patients prefer. Statistical analysis revealed that most of them ranked evening back rubs and calming music the highest in helpfulness. This research would most likely fall under which of the following categories?

A) Qualitative research
B) Quantitative research
C) Outcomes research
D) There is not enough information to answer this question.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research would ask patients what they prefer from a list of possibilities or simply create a frequency distribution of their answers. These responses would then be tabulated, and descriptive statistics could be reported; thus the finding that back rubs and calming music are the most popular answers.
Qualitative research might ask the patient what is most helpful, but there would not be statistical analysis, nor would the responses be ranked.
Outcomes research would ask questions about the quality and effectiveness of health care.
There is enough information to answer the question. Quantitative research would ask patients what they prefer from a list of possibilities or simply create a frequency distribution of their answers. These responses would then be tabulated, and descriptive statistics could be reported, thus the finding that back rubs and calming music are the most popular answers.

Question 6

Benner (1984) emphasizes the importance of acquiring clinical knowledge and expertise through:&#10;A) authorities.&#10;B) borrowing from other disciplines.&#10;C) personal experience.&#10;D) research.

Accepted Answer

Based on her research, Benner proposes that a nurse's personal experience affects the breadth and depth of that nurse's knowledge and expertise.
Benner did not emphasize acquiring clinical knowledge and expertise through authorities.
Benner did not emphasize acquiring clinical knowledge and expertise through borrowing from other disciplines.
Although research is important, it was not the focus of Benner's description of knowledge acquisition.

Question 7

According to Healthy People (HP) 2010 and the mission of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), focus for future nursing research includes which of the following?&#10;A) Development of new indications for existing drug therapies in hypertension&#10;B) Evaluating therapeutic life style changes for effectiveness in reducing hypertension&#10;C) Investigating the role of incretins in managing glycemic control in diabetic patients&#10;D) Reducing medical errors caused by inaccurate dispensing of prescriptions

Accepted Answer

Nursing research focus, per NINR and HP 2010, is to establish basis for care of individuals across the lifespan.
Drug development is beyond the scope of nursing research.
Investigating the role of incretins in managing glycemic control in diabetic patients involves extensive biological research and is beyond the scope of nursing research.
Reducing medical errors caused by inaccurate dispensing of prescriptions involves a critical review in pharmaceutical distribution to reduce error and is beyond the scope of nursing research.

Question 8

Outcomes research in health care is oriented toward establishing:&#10;A) characteristics and description of nursing phenomena.&#10;B) critical indicators.&#10;C) predictive relationships.&#10;D) quality and effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

Outcomes research is focused on the end results of care or determining changes in health status for patients.
Outcomes research is primarily concerned with patients and their families and is focused on the end results of care or determining changes in health.
Critical indicators would more likely come from quantitative research.
Quantitative research looks for predictive relationships.

Question 9

A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into nursing practice would demonstrate which of the following research roles?&#10;A) Collaborator&#10;B) Consumer&#10;C) Primary investigator&#10;D) Producer

Accepted Answer

A research consumer reads research reports, critiques the reports, and makes decisions about incorporating research into practice.
A collaborator is someone who works closely with the primary investigator in conducting a research study.
A primary investigator leads a research team in the completion of a study.
Producers of research conduct studies to generate and refine the knowledge needed for nursing practice.

Question 10

Scientific knowledge is generated through:&#10;A) authorities.&#10;B) borrowing from other disciplines.&#10;C) personal experience.&#10;D) research.

Accepted Answer

Research is needed to provide a sound scientific basis for nursing. Other ways of knowing (e.g., tradition, authority, borrowing, trial and error) help to inform nursing knowledge, but knowledge based on factual information is necessary to develop scientific knowledge.
Authorities may contribute to scientific knowledge by conducting research, but not by their "authority."
Borrowing does not generate scientific knowledge. Research is needed to provide a sound scientific basis for nursing.
Personal experience may lead one to conduct research, but does not by itself generate scientific knowledge.

Question 11

The primary purpose of nursing research is to:&#10;A) bring prestige to the discipline.&#10;B) fund nursing education.&#10;C) generate scientific knowledge to guide nursing practice.&#10;D) promote the importance of nursing in society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary purpose of nursing research is...

Question 12

Quantitative and qualitative research approaches are particularly useful in nursing because they:&#10;A) are easy to implement.&#10;B) are process oriented.&#10;C) provide different views.&#10;D) require few resources.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Quantitative and qualitative research approaches are particularly...

Question 13

What type of research has a major focus on examining the long-term, short-term, negative, and positive results of care across a variety of settings?&#10;A) Correlational&#10;B) Ethnographic&#10;C) Historical&#10;D) Outcomes

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of research has a major...

Question 14

Which of the following would be considered level 1 research evidence when evaluating evidence for the establishment of IV site care and maintenance for a medical-surgical unit?&#10;A) Case study review of dressings used at a similar-sized hospital&#10;B) Expert opinion of best dressings used in hospital settings&#10;C) Quasi-experimental study evaluating types of dressings used at selected hospitals&#10;D) Randomized clinical trial study conducted on types of dressings used in hospital settings

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be considered...

Question 15

Which of the following historical events had a major impact on the funding for nursing research?&#10;A) Development of a Nursing Research Council as part of the American Nurses Association&#10;B) Development of local, national, and international nursing research conferences by Sigma Theta Tau&#10;C) Formation of the National Center for Nursing Research&#10;D) Initiation of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following historical events had...

Question 16

One major focus of nursing research during the 1980s was:&#10;A) communication of research findings.&#10;B) illness prevention.&#10;C) increased funding for nursing research.&#10;D) nurses' job satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One major focus of nursing research during...

Question 17

Florence Nightingale is most noted for which of the following contributions to nursing research?&#10;A) Case study approach to research&#10;B) Data collection and analysis&#10;C) Framework and model development&#10;D) Quasi-experimental study design

Accepted Answer

The answer of Florence Nightingale is most noted for which...

Question 18

The main purpose of studying research for a BSN student is to:&#10;A) learn how to conduct a small research study.&#10;B) learn how to generate new scientific knowledge to use in practice.&#10;C) mentor associate-degree prepared nurses in research projects.&#10;D) understand the basic principles of research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The main purpose of studying research for...

Question 19

What knowledge is required to fully define nursing research?&#10;A) An exhaustive list of the research that has already been conducted in nursing&#10;B) Ways to perform the major descriptive and inferential statistics needed for analysis&#10;C) Research studies well received by other disciplines for collaborative projects&#10;D) A determination of what nurses need to know to provide the best patient care

Accepted Answer

The answer of What knowledge is required to fully define...

Question 20

A research study validates the positive effect that a nursing intervention, patient journaling, has on decreasing spiritual distress during cancer recovery. This would be an example of which type of research evidence?

A) Control
B) Description
C) Explanation
D) Prediction

Accepted Answer

The answer of A research study validates the positive effect...

Question 21

Which would not be considered evidence for the establishment of an evidence-based protocol for reducing falls in frail elderly people? A report or paper on the:&#10;A) correlational study investigating the use of pain medications and incidence of falls in hospitalized elderly people.&#10;B) ethical position paper on restraining elderly people in extended care facilities.&#10;C) expert opinion statement regarding balance training and therapy.&#10;D) meta-analysis of reporting falls among elderly people in extended care facilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which would not be considered evidence for...

Question 22

The main purpose of leveling or reviewing research evidence in the establishment of evidence-based guidelines is to:&#10;A) critique the usefulness of the research in expanding knowledge.&#10;B) develop guidelines for providing care to clients.&#10;C) generate new nursing research projects.&#10;D) review research methods for appropriateness within a research report.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The main purpose of leveling or reviewing...

Question 23

A doctoral-trained nurse is prepared to do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)&#10;A) Coordinate research teams.&#10;B) Expand the basic body of nursing knowledge.&#10;C) Mentor other nurses in research.&#10;D) Seek and obtain grants.&#10;E) None of above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A doctoral-trained nurse is prepared to do...

Question 24

Sources for credible, rigorous evidence-based guidelines for healthcare practice include the:&#10;A) AACN&#10;B) CCNE&#10;C) NGC&#10;D) NLN

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sources for credible, rigorous evidence-based guidelines for...

Question 25

A hospital wishes to develop a new protocol for immediate postoperative recovery of trauma patients in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). A team of nurses must be selected to comprise the group to develop the new protocol. Ideally the minimum educational preparation of the leader of their group should have earned a/an:

A) Associate of Science in Nursing.
B) Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
C) Master of Science in Nursing.
D) Doctorate in Nursing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A hospital wishes to develop a new...

Question 26

Which of the following questions might be asked by a qualitative researcher? (Choose all that apply.)&#10;A) How does the experience of being in a car accident affect a person's driving speed?&#10;B) What is it like to live with a terminal illness?&#10;C) Which medication is most effective in treating pain resulting from an amputation?&#10;D) What percentage of patients enjoys the food served to them while in the hospital?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following questions might be...

Question 27

Why can research be considered a &#34;world&#34; of its own? (Choose all that apply.) Because it:&#10;A) involves new rules and new experiences.&#10;B) is a new way of experiencing reality.&#10;C) is conducted in certain geographical areas of the world.&#10;D) requires learning a unique language.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why can research be considered a &#34;world&#34;...

Deck 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice