Question 1

The act of speaking or pleading on another's behalf is the ethical principle of:&#10;A) autonomy.&#10;B) paternalism.&#10;C) fidelity.&#10;D) advocacy.

Accepted Answer

Advocacy is defined as speaking or pleading on behalf of another person, which aligns with the scenario described in the question. Autonomy refers to respecting a person's right to make their own decisions, while paternalism involves making decisions for someone else without their input. Fidelity refers to keeping promises and maintaining trust in relationships, but it does not necessarily relate to speaking on behalf of another person.

Question 2

The ethical principle that implies that others are worthy of high regard is:&#10;A) beneficence.&#10;B) fidelity.&#10;C) respect for persons.&#10;D) distributive justice.

Accepted Answer

Respect for persons is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of individuals and recognizes that they have dignity and worth. It requires treating others with honesty, fairness, and respect. This principle emphasizes the need to recognize and acknowledge the autonomy and agency of individuals, which requires obtaining their informed consent before any medical intervention. Beneficence refers to the obligation to do good and prevent harm, while fidelity refers to the obligation to keep promises and maintain trust. Distributive justice relates to fairness in the distribution of benefits and resources among individuals and groups.

Question 3

Having freedom to make choices about issues that affect one's life is the principle of:&#10;A) respect for persons.&#10;B) justice.&#10;C) beneficence.&#10;D) autonomy.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy is the principle that emphasizes an individual's right to make choices about their own life and well-being. This principle is foundational to the practice of informed consent in healthcare, where patients are given the right to make decisions about their own treatment based on accurate and complete information about their health status and available options. The principle of autonomy reflects the belief in individual self-determination and is a cornerstone of modern ethical practice in fields like medicine and law.

Question 4

The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses recognizes that confidentiality:&#10;A) flows from respect for persons and is an absolute requirement in all situations.&#10;B) is restricted to legal regulations and definitions.&#10;C) is not absolute and may be modified to protect the patient or other innocent people.&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses acknowledges that confidentiality is not absolute and may be modified under certain circumstances to protect the patient or other innocent individuals. This recognizes the complexity of ethical decisions in healthcare, where the need to maintain confidentiality must be balanced with considerations for safety and well-being.

Question 5

The principle of beneficence requires the nurse to:&#10;A) promote harm or evil and do good.&#10;B) prevent or remove harm and do good.&#10;C) ask the patient to sign a survey indicating the nurse has been beneficial to his or her care.&#10;D) avoid harm as a consequence of doing good.

Accepted Answer

The principle of beneficence requires the nurse to prevent or remove harm and do good. This means that the nurse should act in the best interest of the patient, promote health, and prevent harm. The nurse should prioritize the patient's well-being and take actions to ensure that any potential harm is minimized. This principle is one of the core principles of nursing ethics and guides the nurse's decision-making and actions in providing patient care. The other options listed are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the principle of beneficence.

Question 6

What are the basic elements implied in the concept of autonomy? Select all that apply.&#10;A) The autonomous person is respected.&#10;B) The autonomous person does not have to possess the capacity to decide on a plan of action.&#10;C) The autonomous person must be able to determine goals.&#10;D) The autonomous person has the freedom to act upon the choices.&#10;E) The autonomous person never questions the plan of care.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy implies that the person has the ability to make decisions about their own goals and actions, and they have the freedom to act upon those choices. Respect for the person's autonomy is also a key element. Option B is incorrect, as the capacity to decide on a plan of action is necessary for autonomy. Option E is also incorrect, as autonomy includes the ability to question and make choices about one's plan of care.

Question 7

The ethical principle that requires nurses to uphold the profession's code of ethics, to practice within the established scope of practice, and to remain competent is which of the following?&#10;A) Beneficence&#10;B) Autonomy&#10;C) Fidelity&#10;D) Nonmaleficence

Accepted Answer

Fidelity is the ethical principle that requires nurses to uphold the profession's code of ethics, to practice within the established scope of practice, and to remain competent. Beneficence refers to the duty to do good and promote the well-being of patients. Autonomy refers to respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions. Nonmaleficence refers to the duty to do no harm to patients. While all of these ethical principles are important for nurses to follow, only fidelity directly relates to the specific actions and responsibilities of the nursing profession.

Question 8

_____________ is a term used to describe the process by which competent patients give voluntary consent for medical or surgical treatments or biomedical research after receiving disclosure about potential risks and benefits.

A) Autonomy
B) Paternalism
C) Informed consent
D) Advocacy

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is a process in which patients are provided with all relevant information regarding medical or surgical treatments or research before making a decision. This process promotes patient autonomy by allowing them to make informed decisions about their healthcare. Paternalism, on the other hand, involves overriding the patient's autonomy in favor of what the healthcare provider believes is in the patient's best interest. Advocacy is the act of supporting or speaking up for a patient's rights or best interests.

Question 9

Often nurses and other health care providers fail to recognize violations of patient autonomy. Which of the following is an example? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Nurses failure to recognize that individual's thought processes are the same.&#10;B) Attentiveness to patient autonomy is sometimes neglected as the work of nursing becomes the major focus.&#10;C) Nurses may falsely assume that patients have the same values and goals as themselves.&#10;D) Assuming patient have more knowledge than is reasonable for them to have.

Accepted Answer

B) Attentiveness to patient autonomy is sometimes neglected as the work of nursing becomes the major focus, which means nurses may prioritize treating the patient's medical conditions over respecting their autonomy.
C) Nurses may falsely assume that patients have the same values and goals as themselves, which can lead to imposing their own beliefs and values on the patient's decision-making process.
D) Assuming patients have more knowledge than is reasonable for them to have can result in healthcare providers making decisions without fully involving patients in the decision-making process. A) is not an example of patient autonomy being violated.

Question 10

A nurse sees a patient quietly crying in her room. The nurse enters the room, sits in the chair facing the patient, and says, "Something seems to be troubling you." This exchange is an example of the practical application of which of the following ethical principles?

A) Beneficence
B) Autonomy
C) Veracity
D) Nonmaleficence

Accepted Answer

The nurse's actions demonstrate the ethical principle of beneficence, which is the obligation to improve the patient's condition or prevent harm. By asking the patient what is troubling her and providing a listening ear, the nurse is acting in the patient's best interest and promoting her welfare. Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make decisions about her own care, veracity refers to truthfulness and honesty, and nonmaleficence refers to the obligation to do no harm. While these ethical principles may also be important in this situation, the nurse's actions primarily demonstrate beneficence.

Question 11

Three gravely ill patients are candidates for the only vacant bed in the intensive care unit. The health care team decides to assign the bed to the patient with the best chance of recovery. Although many principles apply, the decision-making process in this case illustrates the application of which of the following ethical principles?

A) Respect for persons
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Autonomy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three gravely ill patients are candidates for...

Question 12

____ is the ethical principle that relates to the concept of faithfulness and the practice of promise keeping.&#10;A) Morals&#10;B) Fidelity&#10;C) Confidentiality&#10;D) Justice

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is the ethical principle that relates...

Question 13

A patient requests multiple cosmetic surgeries. At a certain point, the health care team questions if the overall harm that will result from continuing to do these procedures outweighs the benefit. This dialogue, weighing harms against benefits, is more related to which ethical principle?

A) Beneficence
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Justice
D) Veracity

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient requests multiple cosmetic surgeries. At...

Question 14

Informed consent is a procedure designed to assure which of the following ethical principles?&#10;A) Beneficence&#10;B) Autonomy&#10;C) Fidelity&#10;D) Nonmaleficence

Accepted Answer

The answer of Informed consent is a procedure designed to...

Question 15

A nursing student is completing her community health clinical rotation at a local hospice. During her clinical day, she learns that a member of her community is being cared for by the hospice team. Later that evening, she requests prayer on her social media site for the hospice patient. What ethical principle has the student violated?

A) Veracity
B) Confidentiality
C) Fidelity
D) Autonomy

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nursing student is completing her community...

Deck 3: Ethical Principles