Question 1

The process of creating a cell or an entire organism that is identical in every way to another is called:&#10;A) stem cell research&#10;B) cloning&#10;C) genetic screening&#10;D) eugenics

Accepted Answer

Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical copies of an organism or a cell. Stem cell research involves utilizing stem cells to treat or prevent diseases. Genetic screening is a process that involves testing an individual's DNA for the presence of specific genes that may increase the risk of disease. Eugenics is the selective breeding of individuals to improve the genetic quality of a population.

Question 2

Ethical and legal obligation to protect the confidentiality of patient information directs nurses to do which of the following regarding electronic storing and transfer of personal health information?&#10;A) Avoid using fax machines to transfer personal health information.&#10;B) Share personal secure passwords with immediate co-workers only.&#10;C) Rely on HIPAA regulations to assure the security of electronic devices.&#10;D) Use password-protected screen savers and data encryption technology.

Accepted Answer

Using password-protected screen savers and data encryption technology is the best choice when it comes to electronic storing and transfer of personal health information as it helps protect the confidentiality of patient information. Option A is incorrect because fax machines are not considered secure channels for transmitting personal health information. Option B is incorrect as sharing passwords is a violation of confidentiality and could compromise patient privacy. Option C is incorrect as HIPAA regulations provide guidelines but do not assure the security of electronic devices.

Question 3

Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders indicate that:&#10;A) medical therapies and interventions are to be avoided.&#10;B) life-sustaining interventions are to be discontinued.&#10;C) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to be avoided.&#10;D) palliative care is to be discontinued or avoided.

Accepted Answer

DNR orders indicate that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to be avoided. It does not necessarily mean that medical therapies, life-sustaining interventions, or palliative care should be discontinued or avoided. DNR orders are usually signed by a patient or their authorized representative when they do not wish to have CPR performed if their heart and/or breathing were to stop.

Question 4

Ethical considerations related to situations of medical futility relate to which of the following?&#10;A) Views about whether the intervention is prolonging living or prolonging dying&#10;B) Values and views of involved parties regarding what is benefit or burden&#10;C) Values of involved parties regarding availability and cost of the medical care&#10;D) a and b&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Ethical considerations in medical futility situations encompass views on whether interventions are prolonging life or death, the values and views of involved parties on what constitutes benefit or burden, and considerations regarding the availability and cost of medical care. These aspects are all integral to making informed, ethical decisions in contexts where medical interventions may no longer provide meaningful benefit to the patient.

Question 5

The ability to alter organisms genetically for a variety of purposes is:&#10;A) eugenics&#10;B) genetic screening&#10;C) genetic diagnosis&#10;D) genetic engineering

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering refers to the ability to manipulate the genes of an organism for a variety of purposes, such as creating crops that are resistant to pests or diseases, or developing new medical treatments. Eugenics refers to the selective breeding of humans to improve the genetic makeup of the population, while genetic screening and diagnosis involve testing individuals for genetic disorders or predispositions.

Question 6

Which of the following disciplines generally make up an ethics committee? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Nursing&#10;B) Medicine&#10;C) Social work&#10;D) Chaplains&#10;E) Client's family

Accepted Answer

Ethics committees are usually interdisciplinary teams made up of professionals from various disciplines, including nursing, medicine, social work, and chaplains. The client's family may also be invited to participate in ethics committee meetings, but they are not typically considered members of the committee itself.

Question 7

In assessing a patient's quality of life (QOL), the nurse needs to understand that QOL:&#10;A) is an objective measure of comfort and factors that make life worth living.&#10;B) is only considered good if the patient feels fulfilled and can be independent.&#10;C) generally means the same thing to most patients, families, and nurses.&#10;D) includes subjective ideas about conditions of life and functional ability.

Accepted Answer

QOL is a subjective measure that includes the patient's own ideas and opinions about their functional ability and overall conditions of life. It may vary from patient to patient and cannot be objectively measured.

Question 8

Instructions indicating a client's wishes regarding health care interventions or designating someone to act as a surrogate in making such decisions are called:&#10;A) healthcare provider orders&#10;B) palliative care&#10;C) advance directives&#10;D) nursing care plan

Accepted Answer

Advance directives are written instructions that indicate a patient's wishes about end-of-life care, including whether they wish to receive certain medical interventions or designate someone to make decisions on their behalf. Healthcare provider orders and nursing care plans are documents created by healthcare professionals, while palliative care focuses on addressing patients' physical, emotional, and spiritual needs during serious illness, regardless of whether life-prolonging treatments are pursued.

Question 9

Which of the following can be both a benefit and challenge of technological advances in health care?&#10;A) Supports healthy living&#10;B) Availability and cost&#10;C) Can prolong living&#10;D) Alleviates suffering

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can be both...

Question 10

Palliative care includes all of the following except:&#10;A) comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and total care.&#10;B) aggressive treatment of chronic health problems.&#10;C) comfort and support of patients and families.&#10;D) delivery of coordinated and continuous services.

Accepted Answer

Palliative care focuses on providing comfort and support for patients and families facing serious illnesses. Although it may involve some active treatment to manage symptoms, it is not aggressive treatment of chronic health problems. The other options are accurate descriptions of palliative care.

Question 11

Withholding or removing treatments where the burden or harm to the person is determined to outweigh benefits is:&#10;A) allowing the person to die as a result of the natural progression of the disease process.&#10;B) causing the painless death of the person in order to end or prevent more suffering.&#10;C) providing the person the means to end his or her own life when they are ready to die.&#10;D) following the directives to avoid suffering included in do not resuscitate orders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Withholding or removing treatments where the burden...

Question 12

Ethical dilemmas that arise from use of life-sustaining technologies may be associated with all of the following except:&#10;A) attitudes and beliefs about when life begins.&#10;B) attitudes about what constitutes death.&#10;C) unreasonable expectations of medical interventions.&#10;D) similar opinions regarding use of technology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethical dilemmas that arise from use of...

Question 13

_________ refers to situations in which interventions are judged to have very little or no medical benefit, or in which the chance for success is low.&#10;A) Euthanasia&#10;B) Medical futility&#10;C) Do not resuscitate (DNR)&#10;D) Palliative care

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ refers to situations in which interventions...

Question 14

Since a prime nursing focus is to relieve suffering, nurses must understand that health care technologies:&#10;A) are good because they always support a patient's health and well-being.&#10;B) may cause conflict between doing good and avoiding harm to patients.&#10;C) are necessary interventions even if they cause patients to suffer.&#10;D) may cause nurses to do harmful things to patients against their wishes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since a prime nursing focus is to...

Question 15

Appropriate utilization of health care technology requires that health care providers, patients, and families understand its:&#10;A) purpose, benefits, limitations.&#10;B) cost, availability, usefulness.&#10;C) outcomes, benefits, cost.&#10;D) risks, availability, purpose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Appropriate utilization of health care technology requires...

Deck 10: Practice Issues Related to Technology