Deck 2: How Students Develop and Learn

Question 1

Jerome Bruner's insights about development were primarily focused on:

A) social development.
B) intellectual development.
C) language development.
D) moral development.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of the four major strands of human development theory that were prevalent in the 1950s and 1960s?

A) Cognitive psychology.
B) Behavioural psychology.
C) Social constructivist psychology.
D) Social cognitive psychology.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In his theory of psychosocial development, Erik Erickson argued that:

A) the seven stages of development are independent of each other.
B) there are two adult stages of development.
C) identity is the basis for personality development.
D) industry versus role confusion is an important childhood stage.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In Piaget's four stages of intellectual development the 'concrete operational stage' is applied to the age range:

A) 0-2 years.
B) 2-7 years.
C) 7-11 years.
D) 11 years and above.

Question 5

Explain why teachers need to be familiar with human development theories. Choose five key insights from the chapter and explain how they would inform your practice as a teacher.

Question 6

Erickson's third stage of initiative versus guilt is most typical of children aged:

A) 2-3 years.
B) 4-5 years.
C) 6-7 years.
D) 8-9 years.

Question 7

Studies in human development typically focus on:

A) changes that occur in humans between birth and adulthood.
B) chronological changes in physical, personal and other domains.
C) changes that are judged to be for the better or worse.
D) changes that allow us to become more consistent in our responses.

Question 8

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development was strongly influence by the work of:

A) Piaget.
B) Bruner.
C) Vygotsky.
D) Erickson.

Question 9

Is the following statement True or False? 'According to Piaget, cognitive growth results from cognitive equilibrium.'

Question 10

One difference between the theories of Bruner and Vygotsky is that:

A) Vygotsky focused more on the social world of the child.
B) Bruner placed more importance on scaffolding students' efforts.
C) only Bruner identified stages of growth.
D) Vygotsky placed more emphasis on discovery learning.

Question 11

A strategy that would not be appropriate for teaching children at Piaget's pre-operational stage is:

A) using concrete materials.
B) providing hands on experience.
C) keeping instructions brief.
D) imagining ideal-world scenarios.

Question 12

In Kohlbergs's six stages of moral development, people make moral judgments based on performing 'good' and 'bad' roles at:

A) stage 3.
B) stage 4.
C) stage 5.
D) stage 6.

Question 13

Give three reasons why there are still problems in generalising explanations of human development across genders and cultures.

Question 14

Jean Piaget used the term 'assimilation' to refer to when children:

A) actively construct their world.
B) incorporate new knowledge into existing knowledge.
C) adjust to new information.
D) achieve a state of mental balance.

Question 15

Is the following statement True or False? 'Erickson saw the tension between negative and positive polarities as necessary for healthy psychosocial development.'

Question 16

Lev Vygotsky theorised that at about two years of age children:

A) do not connect speech and thought.
B) begin to connect their thinking with their speech.
C) begin to use speech to direct their behaviour.
D) use covert abbreviated speech to talk about their actions.

Question 17

An important way for teachers to find out first-hand about their students' work habits, manual dexterity and the nature of their present developmental tasks is by:

A) asking parents and caregivers.
B) reading textbooks.
C) observing students.
D) asking previous teachers.

Question 18

Classifying objects based on a single characteristic is typical of children at:

A) sensori-motor stage.
B) pre-operational stage.
C) concrete operational stage.
D) formal operational stage.

Question 19

Provide an overview of the key insights from the developmental theories of Piaget, Bruner and Vygotsky and comment on any areas of commonality and divergence.

Question 20

Describe 2 strategies teachers could use to practice Bruner's idea of discovery learning.

Question 21

Is the following statement True or False? 'Kohlberg believed that teachers should intervene to accelerate children's progression through the three stages of moral reasoning.'

Question 22

Kohlberg focused on stages of moral development rather than the development of values because he believed:

A) values are difficult to teach.
B) values are not the basis of moral choices.
C) there is a lack of consensus on which values to teach.
D) moral development can be taught.