Deck 3: Transmission of Genes From Generation to Generation

Question 1

In the ABO multiple allele system, there are the following combinations of genotypes and phenotypes:

A) 4 genotypes, 4 phenotypes
B) 4 genotypes, 6 phenotypes
C) 6 genotypes, 6 phenotypes
D) 6 genotypes, 4 phenotypes
E) 3 genotypes, 4 phenotypes

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Alternate forms of a gene are best described as _____.

A) homologues
B) loci
C) alleles
D) homozygous
E) heterozygous

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Methylmalonic acidemia is caused by _____.

A) an overdose of ethylene glycol
B) fat accumulation in white blood cells
C) defective liver enzymes
D) the inability to metablolize amino acids and fats
E) destruction of myelin sheaths surrounding nerves

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The phenotype is _____.

A) controlled by the genotype
B) the expression of a trait in an organism
C) the result of inheritance from both parents
D) never homozygous
E) all of these

Question 5

Why did Mendel choose pea plants to experiment on?

A) Offspring of pea plants are fertile.
B) They have a number of different distinct traits.
C) They are self-fertilizing.
D) They have a relatively short life cycle.
E) All of theses are reasons Mendel chose pea plants to experiment on.

Question 6

Mendel's principle of segregation is directly related to an event that occurs in ______ of meiosis.

A) prophase I
B) metaphase I
C) anaphase I
D) prophase II
E) metaphase II

Question 7

In a cross between a true-breeding plant bearing smooth, yellow seeds and a true-breeding plant with wrinkled, green seeds, the offspring were all smooth and yellow. What is the genotype of the F₁ plants?

A) SSYY
B) ssyy
C) SsYy
D) ssYY
E) SSyy

Question 8

Mendel's principle of independent assortment is directly related to an event that occurs in _____ of meiosis.

A) prophase I
B) metaphase I
C) anaphase I
D) prophase II
E) metaphase II

Question 9

Free earlobes are dominant to attached ear lobes and brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Ricardo has brown eyes and attached ear lobes. Ricardo's mother has blue eyes and free ear lobes. Ricardo's partner, Shanteel, has blue eyes and free ear lobes. Shanteel's mother has brown eyes and attached ear lobes. What is the probability that Ricardo and Shanteel will have a child who has blue eyes and attached ear lobes?

A) 100 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 25 percent
E) 0 percent

Question 10

In a cross involving incomplete dominance _____.

A) the dominant phenotype is expressed in the F1
B) the recessive phenotype is expressed in the F1
C) Mendelian inheritance does not apply
D) the phenotypic ratio and genotypic ratio in the F2 are identical
E) heterozygotes have a phenotype like one of the parents

Question 11

In his monohybrid crosses, Mendel deduced that one trait was recessive because _____.

A) that trait was not present in the F1 and did not reappear in the F2
B) that trait was present in the F1 and in the F2
C) that trait was not present in the F1 and reappeared in the F2
D) that trait was present only in the parents
E) that trait was present only in the F2

Question 12

A locus is best defined as _____.

A) an alternate form of a gene
B) the chromosome location of the centromere
C) the location of a gene on a chromosome
D) a mutation of a gene to an alternate state
E) the site of crossing over

Question 13

Independent assortment means that _____.

A) monohybrid crosses will show segregation and independent assortment
B) the segregation of one gene pair depends on the segregation of another gene pair
C) the gametes produced must be heterozygous in all cases
D) the segregation of one gene pair occurs as if no other gene pair was present
E) the phenotypic ratio in F2 will be the same for dihybrid and monohybrid crosses

Question 14

A pea plant with yellow peas is crossed with a pea plant that has green peas. The offspring include both yellow-pea and green-pea plants. The original plant with yellow peas must, therefore, have what genotype?

A) YY
B) Yy
C) yy
D) It cannot be determined: YY or Yy
E) It cannot be determined: Yy or yy

Question 15

In a pedigree, a person whose symbol is filled in and who is associated with the roman numeral II _____.

A) is affected by the trait and in the second generation
B) is not affected by the trait and in the second generation
C) is affected by the trait and is the second-oldest child in the family
D) is not affected by the trait and is the second-oldest child in the family
E) is affected by the trait and has an identical twin

Question 16

The offspring resulting from the cross of two red flowered plants are 3/4 red and 1/4 white. The most likely genotype of the red flowered plants is _____ .

A) homozygous dominant
B) heterozygous
C) homozygous recessive
D) impossible to tell from this information

Question 17

In a situation with codominant inheritance _____.

A) there is no recessive phenotype
B) each allele is fully and completely expressed
C) the principles of Mendelian inheritance are intact
D) independent assortment can predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring
E) all of these are true

Question 18

In a monohybrid cross with complete dominance, the F₂ offspring should contain _____.

A) two different phenotypes and two different genotypes
B) two different phenotypes and three different genotypes
C) three different phenotypes and two different genotypes
D) three different phenotypes and three different genotypes
E) none of these

Question 19

Pedigrees _____.

A) provide information on the patterns of inheritance of a trait
B) can identify those at risk for a disease
C) can identify those at risk for transmitting a disease
D) can be used to deduce the genotypes of parents
E) have all of these characteristics

Question 20

A chi square test is done to determine _____.

A) whether an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous
B) whether an allele exhibits complete or incomplete dominance
C) what the predicted outcome of a dihybrid cross will be
D) how closely actual results of a cross match the expected results
E) whether a trait is determined by one gene or many genes

Question 21

When members of the gene pair carried by an individual are not alike, the individual is said to be ____________________.

Question 22

If a dihybrid cross is begun with a P₁ generation of a plant that produces smooth and yellow peas, crossed with a plant that produces wrinkled green peas, the F₂ plants will have either smooth yellow peas or wrinkled green peas.

Question 23

A person with genotype LᴹLᴺ has the phenotype (blood type) M.

Question 24

In a trait with multiple alleles, an individual carries ____________________ (how many?) alleles of the gene.

Question 25

In humans, hair texture is an incompletely dominant trait. Curly is the dominant genotype, wavy is heterozygous, and straight hair is recessive. What is the probable phenotypic ratio for a cross between a man with wavy hair and a woman with curly hair?

A) All wavy hair
B) 3/4 wavy hair; 1/4 straight hair
C) 1/2 wavy hair; 1/2 curly hair
D) All curly hair
E) 1/4 curly hair; 1/2 wavy hair; 1/4 straight hair

Question 26

Dominant traits are expressed only in the heterozygous state.

Question 27

Heterozygotes and dominant homozygotes always have the same phenotype.

Question 28

Recessive traits are expressed only in the homozygous state.

Question 29

In heterozygous crosses, the phenotypic and genotypic ratios differ for completely dominant traits but are the same for traits showing incomplete dominance.

Question 30

Joshua has O type blood and the Bombay phenotype. His partner, Alice, has AB blood and does not have the Bombay phenotype, but her mother does. What are the possible blood types of the children of Joshua and Alice?

A) A, B, and O
B) A and O
C) B and O
D) All O
E) A and B

Question 31

In a pedigree, the first affected family member seeking medical attention is the ____________________.

Question 32

If each phenotypically normal parent is heterozygous for albinism and deafness, the chance that they will produce a deaf albino is 1 in 16.

Question 33

Chi square tests are used to determine whether a cross has been correctly constructed and analyzed.

Question 34

The separation of members of a gene pair into the gametes is called ____________________.

Question 35

In a pedigree, a double line connecting a married couple indicates that the man and woman are ____________________.

Question 36

One of Mendel's major contributions to the study of heredity was the application of ____________________ in analyzing results of crosses.

Question 37

In all Mendel's crosses, it did not matter which phenotype was used as the male or as the female parent.

Question 38

Pedigree analysis is a reconstruction of a family history.

Question 39

The proband in a pedigree is always heterozygous.

Question 40

There are four common alleles of the gene that controls human blood type.

Question 41

The inheritance of human traits is predictable because the genes controlling them exhibit the principles of both ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 42

In pedigrees, a male individual is symbolized as a ____________________.

Question 43

In crosses involving complete dominance, the F₂ genotypic ratio is 1:2:1 and is expressed as a phenotypic ratio of ____________________.

Question 44

Originally, many geneticists thought that dominant traits were caused by the presence of a gene and a recessive trait by the absence of the gene. Evaluate this idea, giving evidence for and against this proposal.

Question 45

Given the existence of incomplete dominance and codominance, what does it really mean when it is said that a trait is dominant?

Question 46

A cross between two individuals who differ with respect to two gene pairs is a ____________________ cross.

Question 47

Pure-breeding individuals always have the ____________________ genotype.

Question 48

A man has the aa phenotype that causes albinism. As such, he does not express his PP genotype, which would have made his eyes brown. The relationship between these two genes is an example of ____________________.

Question 49

In Mendel's crosses, pure-breeding individuals were always in the ____________________ generation.

Question 50

Does the segregation or separation of members of a gene pair take place at one or both meiotic divisions? If not, which one? What evidence is there to support your answer?

Question 51

Two parents with type A blood have a child who is type O. The parents' genotypes must be ____________________ and ____________________ or they must have the ____________ phenotype.

Question 52

The genetic recombination event discovered by Mendel is _______ .

Question 53

What are the possible phenotypes for the children of parents who are both AB? What if the parents are both O? What if one parent is O and the other is AB?

Question 54

What are the evolutionary advantages (if any) of segregation and independent assortment?

Question 55

Two heterozygous smooth-pea pea plants are crossed (Ss X Ss) and four peas from the cross are randomly selected for examination. The first three are smooth. Must the fourth one be wrinkled? Why or why not?