Deck 15: The Urinary System

Question 1

What is the echogenicity of the renal cortex?

A) High level echoes
B) Medium level echoes
C) Low level echoes

Answer 1

B
The renal cortex demonstrates a medium level echo texture.

Question 2

Where is renin produced?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Kidney
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D) Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 2

C
Renin, which increases the systemic blood pressure, is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Question 3

The adult ureter is ______ cm long.

A) 10 to 15
B) 15 to 20
C) 20 to 25
D) 25 to 30

Answer 3

D
The ureters are hollow, narrow tubes that range in length from 25 to 30 cm. The diameter ranges from 4 to 7 mm.

Question 4

The adult male and female urethras measure, respectively,

A) 10 cm and 2.5 cm.
B) 20 cm and 3.5 cm.
C) 15 cm and 2.5 cm.
D) 20 cm and 5.5 cm.

Question 5

The structures anterior to the right kidney are the:
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________

Question 6

What is the echogenicity of the renal capsule?

A) High level echoes
B) Medium level echoes
C) Low level echoes

Question 7

Where is ADH produced?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Kidney
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D) Posterior pituitary gland

Question 8

The length, depth, and diameter of a normal adult kidney are

A) 9 to 12 cm, 2.5 to 4 cm, and 4 to 6 cm, respectively.
B) 8 to 10 cm, 1.5 to 3 cm, and 2 to 4 cm, respectively.
C) 9 to 12 cm, 4 to 6 cm, and 2.5 to 4 cm, respectively.
D) none of the above

Question 9

Where is aldosterone produced?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Kidney
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D) Posterior pituitary gland

Question 10

The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones. ____

Question 11

The length, depth, and diameter of a normal neonatal kidney are

A) 2 to 3 cm, 1.5 to 2.5cm, and 3.3 to 5 cm, respectively.
B) 4 to 6 cm, 2 to 2.5 cm, and 2 to 3 cm, respectively.
C) 3.3 to 5 cm, 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and 2 to 3 cm, respectively.
D) none of the above

Question 12

The process of nephron function, in correct order, is:

A) Filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption
B) Filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
C) Tubular reabsorption, filtration, and tubular secretion
D) Tubular secretion, filtration, and tubular reabsorption

Question 13

At birth, the adrenal glands are as large as the kidneys but then rapidly shrink. ____

Question 14

The adrenal gland is easily visualized sonographically in adults. ____

Question 15

What is the echogenicity of the renal sinus?

A) High level echoes
B) Medium level echoes
C) Low level echoes

Question 16

What is the echogenicity of the renal pyramids?

A) High level echoes
B) Medium level echoes
C) Low level echoes

Question 17

What is the echogenicity of the urinary bladder wall?

A) High level echoes
B) Medium level echoes
C) Low level echoes

Question 18

The kidneys are composed mainly of two distinct areas: the

A) corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
B) parenchyma and sinus.
C) renal loops and medulla.
D) medullary and renal pyramids.

Question 19

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Kidney
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D) Posterior pituitary gland

Question 20

The adrenal medulla is the source of the hormones that produces the "flight or fight" response. ____

Question 21

The structures anterior to the left kidney are the:
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________

Question 22

The apex of the medullary pyramid sits within a __________.

Question 23

List the structures contained in the renal pelvis.

Question 24

List and explain the laboratory values that help measure renal function.

Question 25

The renal pyramid is one component of the renal lobe. Two other components are the ________ and the ________.

Question 26

The medullary pyramids are separated from each other by bands of cortical tissue called ____________ .

Question 27

The base of the medullary pyramid comes in contact with the ________.

Question 28

The structures posterior to the kidneys are the:
________________
________________
________________
________________