Deck 21: Second and Third Trimester Obstetrics 13 to 42 Weeks

Question 1

A grade III placenta may have

A) anechoic areas.
B) calcifications.
C) indentations in the chorionic plate.
D) all of the above

Answer 1

D
A grade III placenta contains indentations in the chorionic plate that extend as far as the basal layer, dividing the placenta into segments. The placenta may contain highly echogenic and anechoic areas and large calcifications, which may demonstrate posterior shadowing.

Question 2

The ___________ of bone(s) ______________ sound waves.

A) mineralization; determines the width of
B) density; causes posterior enhancement of
C) attenuation; passes
D) density; attenuates

Answer 2

D
Bone density attenuates sound waves.

Question 3

Head circumference (HC) is best obtained through (a) ___________ plane(s) of section perpendicular to the ________________.

A) single; thalami, cavum septum pellucidum, and tentorium
B) multiple; thalami, cavum septum pellucidum, and tentorium
C) single; thalami, third ventricle, cavum septum pellucidum, and tentorium
D) multiple; thalami, third ventricle, cavum septum pellucidum, and tentorium

Answer 3

C
HC is obtained through a single plane of section, perpendicular to the thalami, third ventricle, cavum septum pellucidum, and tentorium.

Question 4

Placenta previa occurs

A) from accelerated calcifications.
B) with a grade III placenta.
C) when a portion of the placenta covers the internal os of the cervix.
D) when a portion of the placenta covers a portion of the external os of the cervix.

Question 5

The atrial septal opening is the

A) ductus venosus.
B) mitral valve.
C) foramen ovale.
D) ductus arteriosus.

Question 6

In more than 90% of pregnancies, the fetal urinary bladder is visualized by

A) 10 weeks.
B) 12 weeks.
C) 15 weeks.
D) 20 weeks.

Question 7

The fetal adrenal glands appear _______________ to the liver, spleen, and renal cortex.

A) hyperechoic
B) hypoechoic
C) anechoic
D) anterolateral

Question 8

Abdominal circumference (AC) is measured through (a) _________ plane(s) of section where the __________ are continuous with one another.

A) single; right and left portal veins
B) multiple; right and left portal veins
C) single; right and left hepatic ducts
D) multiple; right and left hepatic ducts

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the fetus by the

A) cerebellum.
B) choroid plexus.
C) spine and brain.
D) meninges.

Question 10

Sonographic identification of the fetal __________________is necessary to establish renal function.

A) urinary bladder
B) kidneys
C) renal sinus
D) urine-filled medullary pyramids

Question 11

The umbilical cord has

A) one vessel.
B) two vessels.
C) three vessels.
D) four vessels.

Question 12

The cisterna magna is a(n)

A) moderately echogenic portion of the brain stem.
B) anechoic medullary pyramid.
C) anechoic subarachnoid space.
D) highly reflective brain fissure.

Question 13

A grade I placenta may have

A) anechoic areas.
B) calcifications.
C) individual segments.
D) calcified basal layer.

Question 14

Collapsed, the fetal colon typically

A) appears hyperechoic compared with adjacent structures.
B) presents with anechoic, thick walls and a hyperechoic lumen.
C) appears hypoechoic compared with adjacent structures.
D) indicates a gastrointestinal abnormality.

Question 15

What vessels comprise the umbilical cord?

A) Portal vein and umbilical artery
B) Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
C) One umbilical artery and two umbilical veins
D) Umbilical artery and right and left portal veins

Question 16

The thalami are

A) centrally located in the brain and appear anechoic.
B) centrally located in the brain and appear homogeneous.
C) the highly echogenic lines seen dividing the cerebrum.
D) the bright, drumstick-shaped portions of the lateral ventricles.

Question 17

Anechoic, tubular structures on the uterine surface of the placenta are called

A) lacunae.
B) maternal marginal veins.
C) fetal marginal veins.
D) venous lakes.

Question 18

The fetal lungs are capable of functioning as early as sometime after

A) 15 weeks.
B) 20 weeks.
C) 25 weeks.
D) 35 weeks.

Question 19

An accurate biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement can be obtained through any plane of section that intersects the

A) thalami, third ventricle, and cavum septum pellucidum.
B) thalami and cavum septum pellucidum.
C) thalami, cavum septum pellucidum, and cerebellum.
D) thalami and third ventricle.

Question 20

Muscles usually appear ______________ compared with adjacent structures.

A) hyperechoic
B) dense
C) hypoechoic
D) echodense

Question 21

The anechoic areas between the bright subcutaneous and peritoneal fat are the ____________________ and __________________________.

Question 22

The three causes of placenta previa are ________________, _______________, and _______________________.

Question 23

Identification of the great arteries and outflow tracts in their usual positions confirms normal ___________________ connections.

Question 24

The bright reflection of the fetal skeleton is an indication of ______________________within the developing bones.

Question 25

Some experts believe that __________________ in the 2nd trimester can be used as an accurate predictor of an abnormal fetal outcome.