Deck 28: Adult Echocardiography

Question 1

Atrioventricular valves are not the same as semilunar valves. ____

Answer 1

True
The atrioventricular valvules are valves between the atria and ventricles (tricuspid on the right and bicuspid on the left). The semilunar valves are between the ventricles and the great vessels (pulmonary artery and aorta). The semilunar valves are the aortic valve on the left, between the left ventricle and aorta, and the pulmonic valve on the right, between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Question 2

The parasternal long axis view shows the right ventricle anteriorly. ____

Answer 2

False
Parasternal long axis views transect the heart from the base to the apex, and anteriorly, the right ventricle is visualized. The interventricular septum (IVS) also is visualized in this view.

Question 3

A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the test of choice for a

A) 65 y/o patient with mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation seen on TTE.
B) 35 y/o patient with an ASD seen on TTE.
C) 45 y/o patient with a unexplained TIA.
D) 80 y/o with a episode of CHF.

Answer 3

C
The most common indication for TEE is evaluation for cardiac source of emboli, a likely source for an unexplained TIA.

Question 4

The SA node is the "pacemaker" of the heart. ____

Question 5

Blood with a low oxygen content entering the heart comes from the inferior and superior vena cava. ____

Question 6

Blood with a high oxygen content entering the heart comes from the pulmonary veins. ____

Question 7

Suspected aortic root dissection may be diagnosed with confidence with

A) TTE.
B) a chest radiograph.
C) a fast CT scan.
D) TEE.

Question 8

Which statement is NOT true about the evaluation of prosthetic valves?

A) TTE is better suited to evaluate prosthetic mitral valve dysfunction than TEE.
B) TEE is more sensitive than TTE for detecting paravalvular leaks.
C) TTE may be better suited to evaluate Doppler information than TEE.
D) TEE is more sensitive than TTE in detecting prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Question 9

The bundle of His and the Purkinje fibers cannot function as pacemakers. ____

Question 10

The thickest layer of the heart is the myocardium. ____

Question 11

Three-dimensional echocardiography would be indicated in which patient?

A) A patient with a normal heart size and function on 2D examination
B) A patient with mild mitral valve regurgitation on Doppler
C) A patient with a small to moderate VSD on 2D examination
D) A patient with a reduced ejection fraction on 2D examination

Question 12

Blood with a low oxygen content entering the heart comes from the coronary arteries. ____

Question 13

The suprasternal view orientation can visualize the ascending and descending aorta and aortic arch. ____

Question 14

M-mode echocardiography

A) is no longer needed, having been replaced by TEE, TTE, and 3D echocardiography.
B) provides measurements of cardiac structures for quantitative assessment.
C) performs the same function as Doppler assessment.
D) none of the above

Question 15

The moderator band cannot be seen on ultrasound. ____

Question 16

Epicardium is another name for pericardium. ____

Question 17

Diastole and systole are the left ventricular relaxation and filling phase of the cardiac cycle. ____

Question 18

In the parasternal short axis view, the great vessels cannot be identified. ____

Question 19

The apical four-chamber view displays the ventricles at the top of the screen and the atria at the bottom of the 2D sector image. ____

Question 20

The AV node can provide pacing for the heart in the event of SA node failure. ____