Deck 10: Product Adaptation

Question 1

Research findings on market traits and potential should be used to determine the optimal degree of customization needed in products and product lines relative to incremental cost of the effort.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cultural grounding is based not only on cultural grounding, but also the nature of the product.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Non-tariff barriers include tariffs.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Regulations and customer behavior differences and their impact should be taken into consideration to be successful in marketing.

Question 5

Copyrighted work, a patented invention or a trademark which bears and unauthorized representation, is called an imitated good.

Question 6

Chile was the first country in the world to enact legislation against most aerosol sprays on the grounds that they may harm the atmosphere.

Question 7

Backward innovation is when a company produces a drastically simplified version of a product due to lack of purchasing power or usage conditions.

Question 8

One of the drawbacks of standardization is cost savings in marketing.

Question 9

Because of standardization, marketers do not need to know about local market characteristics because the marketing is standardized as well.

Question 10

The need for adaptation is based on the degree of cultural grounding.

Question 11

Making a profit is the key to successful marketing.

Question 12

Positioning is the physical space a product assumes on a store shelf, and companies pay huge sums of money to have their products first in line.

Question 13

Government regulations are probably the single most important factor contributing to product adaptation and, because of bureaucratic red tape, often the most cumbersome and frustrating factor with which to deal.

Question 14

In order to make Boeing 737 the best-selling jet in history, Boeing engineers redesigned the lavatories so that people in countries with shorter people could see the mirrors.

Question 15

In order to differentiate a product, a marketer tries to highlight the similarities it has with products in the same class so as to highlight the likenesses of each.

Question 16

The characteristics and behavior of intended customer groups are as important as governmental influences on the product adaptation decision.

Question 17

The term Brand refers to a recorded or imbedded universal product code number that is scanned by importers and exports to electronically establish links to resources in inventory.

Question 18

Government requirements for products are usually rather lax.

Question 19

The international product or service can be defined as the complex combination of tangible and intangible elements that distinguishes it from the other entities in the marketplace.

Question 20

The core of a firm's international operations is pricing.

Question 21

What is ISO 9000?

A) A cleaning fluid.
B) A jet airplane produced by the British company Airbus.
C) A set of technical standards for the European Union.
D) A rock group.

Question 22

When an international marketer is trying to gain customer's approval, product decision of consumer-products are affected by:

A) wind.
B) local behavior, tastes, attributes and traditions.
C) boundaries.
D) GPS satellites.

Question 23

Differentiation is a marketing method to:

A) get different customers to try the product.
B) achieve lasting market penetration through assumption.
C) dilate the market forces with excessive distribution.
D) help consumers distinguish between competing brands.

Question 24

Which of the following is not one of the three facts a company should consider when marketing a product abroad?

A) The markets
B) The domestic policy
C) The product and its characteristics
D) The company characteristics

Question 25

Which of the following are typical changes to products modified for the international marketplace?

A) Packaging, measuring units, labeling and instructions.
B) Weight, size and units.
C) Contents
D) Sweetness levels and color

Question 26

All of these are factors encouraging adaptation except:

A) Differing consumer behavior patterns
B) Local competition.
C) Global competition.
D) Differing use conditions.

Question 27

Which of the following is not one of the groups of factors which determine cultural and psychological specificity in relation to products and services?

A) World mean temperature.
B) Consumption patterns.
C) Psychological characteristics.
D) General cultural criteria.

Question 28

Sometimes through standardization and adaptation an international marketing may introduce new products for foreign markets. According to the text, what sometimes happens when these products developed for foreign clients?

A) They are rejected.
B) Governments require import/export quotas.
C) Fulfillment houses get overstocked.
D) The product is introduced back into the domestic market.

Question 29

The cost of compliance with government regulations is:

A) low.
B) proportional to the amount of weight and taxes.
C) high.
D) seasonal.

Question 30

When the core product is relatively or highly similar between competitors, marketers highlight what type of features to achieve differentiation?

A) Augmented.
B) Polite.
C) Innate
D) Planned

Question 31

Because the Japanese government thinks that Japanese might be physiologically different than Americans, what do they require for all pharmaceutical products?

A) Bribes
B) Green environmental labeling.
C) Double doses
D) Testing in Japanese laboratories

Question 32

What is probably the single most important factor contributing to product adaptation?

A) Company loyalty.
B) Situational analysis.
C) Government regulations.
D) Primary packaging.

Question 33

Why has McDonald's changed the name of Ronald McDonald to Donald McDonald in Japan?

A) It is easier for Japanese speakers to pronounce.
B) There is no such word as Ronald in Japanese.
C) Donald is a name of affection.
D) Ronald reminds them of Ronald Reagan.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a non-tariff barrier?

A) Time
B) Product standards
C) Testing or approval procedures
D) Subsidies for local products

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a factor which might encourage standardization?

A) Government and regulatory influences.
B) Economies of scale in production.
C) Economies in marketing.
D) Shrinking of the world marketplace.

Question 36

Which of the following best describes the product or service a company offers for sale?

A) A pertinent formation of space and time.
B) A complex combination of tangible and intangible elements.
C) Engineering made humanized.
D) Pursuit of quantum theoretic.

Question 37

What are the three prevailing environmental conditions over which the international marketing has no control?

A) Price, product and promotion.
B) Message, money and media.
C) Legal, economic and climatic conditions.
D) Gambling, risk and price.

Question 38

A customer attaches value to a product in proportion to what?

A) The price in a competitive framework.
B) Simple economics.
C) The products perceived ability to help solve problems or meet needs.
D) Income.

Question 39

Increasingly, companies are attempting to develop global products by incorporating differences regionally or worldwide into one basic design. An example of this is:

A) McDonald's changing colors on its packaging.
B) Chevrolet only using the color blue.
C) Ford and Nissan allow for substantial discretion in adjusting the models to local preferences.
D) Bell Laboratories do not use punctuation marks in their instruction manuals.

Question 40

What are the three conditions which generally require product adaptation in consumer goods?

A) Time, space and utility.
B) Focus, layout and entity.
C) Cultural grounding, economic conditions and target markets.
D) Money, labor and foreclosure.

Question 41

When a consumer's perception of a brand as compared with that of competitors' brands, in which the mental image of that brand evokes a mental rank, this is known to marketers as:

A) unintended purchasing.
B) user related benefits packages.
C) unique selling package.
D) positioning.

Question 42

As a country's economy advances, what happens to buyers?

A) They are in a better position to buy and to demand more sophisticated products.
B) Their income decreases because of the glut of products on the market.
C) They become suspicious of a growing economy.
D) They disappear because culture forbids extra purchases.

Question 43

What does the "Made in" phrase required on most products say about product quality?

A) Consumers have a perception of product quality based on the area of origin.
B) Nothing.
C) Superstitious countries may feel awkward about using the product.
D) The statement is about origin, not product quality.

Question 44

Any good bearing an unauthorized representation of a trademark, patented invention , or copyrighted work that is legally protected in the country where it is marketed is known as:

A) capitalism.
B) entrepreneurship.
C) counterfeit.
D) below market.

Question 45

What is the answer to the question "should we enter a market and adapt our product accordingly" when it is asked by an international marketer?

Question 46

Which of the following is not one of the major functions of packaging?

A) Protection
B) Promotion
C) Provision
D) Convenience

Question 47

Why do climate and geography affect product offerings in foreign countries?

A) The result maybe longer shipping and storage times, perhaps affecting the product.
B) Gasoline does not work as well at high altitudes.
C) The U.S. Mail does not mail to foreign countries.
D) Live animals cannot be shipped internationally.

Question 48

What is the Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984?

A) A way to produce counterfeit products legally in foreign markets.
B) A demonstration of the flexibility of WTO laws.
C) Harboring fugitives.
D) Makes trading in goods and services using a counterfeit trademark a criminal offense.

Question 49

In developing markets, products such as cigarettes and razor blades are often sold by the piece. Why?

A) It is easier to get these smaller items through customs.
B) Most developing country citizens cannot read, therefore do not need packaging.
C) Each product is taxed differently by unit.
D) So that consumers with limited incomes can afford them.

Question 50

Explain how counterfeiting has become a problem in foreign markets.

Question 51

Why is Dunkin' Donuts marketing doughnuts in Brazil as snacks and desserts for parties?

A) The round shape is reminiscent of Brazilian ancient trophies.
B) Sweet pastries are eaten with warm goat's milk.
C) The constriction of shipping does not allow for adequate supplies.
D) Brazilians rarely eat breakfast.

Question 52

When a market may require a drastically simplified version of the firm's product due to lack of purchasing power or usage conditions, this is known as:

A) supplementing.
B) backward innovation.
C) new narrowcasting.
D) lightening rod.

Question 53

What is a Maharaja Mac?

A) A dance created by the group Date 5.
B) A taxi that increases speed through pedaling.
C) An Indian trade barrier.
D) A "Big Mac" made with mutton in India.

Question 54

Why did Coca Cola change the name of Diet Coke to Coke Light in many countries?

A) There was no global character for the word Diet.
B) Diet is a dirty word in other countries.
C) To match what beer manufacturers were doing.
D) To focus on helping people feel and look their best.

Question 55

What are some of the cautions an international marketer should be aware of when making a decision to enter a foreign marketing in regards to standardization and adaptation?

Question 56

Which category of product has the most homogenous demand in all countries?

A) Food
B) Consumer nondurables
C) Business products
D) Consumer durables

Question 57

The name, term, symbol, sign or design used by a firm to differentiate its offerings from those of its competitors is called the:

A) peer group.
B) lesson.
C) brand.
D) image.

Question 58

What do manufacturers of household appliances need to be aware of in foreign markets?

A) Leverage.
B) Altitude.
C) Electrical differences.
D) Post industrial stratification.