Deck 1: Cell Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptations

Question 1

A 60-year-old man who had generalized atherosclerosis died 24 hours after having a stroke. A cerebral infarct was found at autopsy. Necrosis of the brain is classified as

A) coagulative necrosis
B) liquefactive necrosis
C) fat necrosis
D) fibrinoid necrosis
E) caseous necrosis

Answer 1

liquefactive necrosis

Question 2

Continuous expression of the gene for atrial natriuretic factor in the myocardial cells of the left ventricle is typically a consequence of

A) myocardial infarction
B) angina pectoris
C) hypertension
D) hypotension
E) ventricular fibrillation

Answer 2

hypertension

Question 3

A 90-year-old man died in a nursing home. During the past 10 years, he was unable to care for himself and was mentally incoherent. He had no memory and could not hold a conversation. He was unaware of his surroundings. At autopsy, the brain showed signs of Alzheimer disease, and there were neurons containing numerous neurofibrillary tangles. These cytoplasmic structures are formed from which component of the neurons?

A) Nucleus
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Mitochondria
E) Cytoskeleton

Answer 3

Cytoskeleton

Question 4

Ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of plasma proteins is opposed by

A) insulin
B) interleukin-1
C) tumor necrosis factor α
D) glucocorticoids
E) thyroid hormones

Question 5

A 60-year-old obese man was admitted to the hospital for treatment of alcoholism. He has diabetes mellitus. A liver biopsy was performed, and the specimen showed that the liver cells contain increased amounts of

A) hemosiderin
B) bile
C) triglycerides
D) bilirubin
E) insulin

Question 6

Uptake of bacteria into the cytoplasm of neutrophilic leukocytes is called

A) Autophagocytosis
B) heterophagocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) pinocytosis
E) involution

Question 7

A 30-year-old woman who had leukemia was treated with bone marrow transplantation. She developed a skin rash that was interpreted as a sign of a graft-versus- host reaction. A skin biopsy was performed. In the epidermis, there were scattered dead epidermal cells that had rounded contours and pyknotic nuclei. This form of cell death is caused by

A) activation of caspases through receptor transmitted signals on the cell surface
B) inhibition of ATPase
C) inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation
D) activation of lysosomal enzymes
E) depletion of glycogen

Question 8

A 55-year-old man who was on renal dialysis was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of nausea and vomiting. A gastric biopsy was performed. The gastric mucosa contained foci of amorphous, bluish (basophilic) material forming aggregates 10-20 mm in diameter. These aggregates were seen mostly in the stroma between the foveolar cells. No other abnormalities were seen, and the pathologist concluded that these changes represent evidence of

A) Helicobacter pylori infection
B) peptic ulcer formation
C) dystrophic calcification
D) metastatic calcification
E) apoptosis

Question 9

A 28-year-old man was found to have cirrhosis of the liver and pulmonary emphysema. The liver cells contained globular inclusions in their cytoplasm, which by electron microscopy are shown to be located inside the

A) Golgi apparatus
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisomes