Deck 3: Data Visualization

Question 1

A chart similar to a scatter chart, but uses a line to connect the points in the chart is called the

A) line chart.
B) scatter plot.
C) trendline.
D) bar chart.

Answer 1

line chart.

Question 2

In designing an effective table,

A) avoid the use of unnecessary ink in tables.
B) increase the number of horizontal and vertical lines in the table.
C) avoid the use of necessary ink in tables.
D) do not focus on the alignment of the text and numbers in the table.

Answer 2

avoid the use of unnecessary ink in tables.

Question 3

Deleting the grid lines in the table and the horizontal lines in the chart

A) increases the data-ink ratio.
B) decreases the data-ink ratio.
C) increases the Non-data-ink ratio.
D) does not affect the data-ink ratio.

Answer 3

increases the data-ink ratio.

Question 4

Bar charts use

A) horizontal bars to display the magnitude of the quantitative variable.
B) vertical bars to display the magnitude of the quantitative variable.
C) horizontal and vertical bars to display the magnitude of the quantitative variable.
D) vertical bars to display the magnitude of the qualitative variable.

Question 5

A line chart displaying the data values collected over a period of time is termed as a

A) boxplot.
B) frequency graph.
C) dot plot
D) time series plot.

Question 6

A line chart that has no axes but is used to provide information on overall trends for time series data is called a

A) time series plot.
B) sparkline.
C) trendline.
D) bubble chart.

Question 7

A _____ is a line that provides an approximation of the relationship between the variables.

A) line chart
B) sparkline
C) trendline
D) gridline

Question 8

In many cases, white space in a chart can improve _____.

A) complexity
B) readability
C) functionality
D) stability

Question 9

______ are visual methods of displaying data.

A) Tables
B) Charts
C) Pivot tables
D) Crosstabs

Question 10

A crosstabulation in Microsoft Excel is known as a

A) scatter plot.
B) bar chart.
C) histogram.
D) PivotTable.

Question 11

A _____ is a graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables.

A) histogram
B) bar chart
C) pie chart
D) scatter chart

Question 12

Making visual comparisons between categorical variables is difficult in a

A) scatter chart.
B) pie chart.
C) line chart.
D) column chart.

Question 13

Data-ink is the ink used in a table or chart that

A) does not help in conveying the data to the audience.
B) helps in presenting data when the audience need not know exact values.
C) is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience.
D) increases the Non-data-ink ratio.

Question 14

Tables should be used when

A) the reader need not refer to specific numerical values.
B) the reader need not make precise comparisons between different values and not just relative comparisons.
C) the values being displayed have different units or very different magnitudes.
D) the reader need not differentiate the columns and rows.

Question 15

The charts that are helpful in making comparisons between categorical variables are

A) bar charts and scatter charts.
B) scatter charts and line charts.
C) bar charts and column charts.
D) column charts and line charts.

Question 16

_____ helps in designing effective tables and charts for data visualization.

A) Data-ink ratio
B) Crosstabulation
C) PivotTable
D) Scatter charts

Question 17

Using multiple lines on a line chart or employing multiple charts is an alternative to a

A) column chart.
B) line chart.
C) two-dimensional graph.
D) three-dimensional chart.

Question 18

If the scatter chart indicates a positive linear relationship between two variables, then their correlation coefficient is

A) equal to -1.
B) greater than 1.
C) between 0 and +1.
D) between -1 and 0.

Question 19

The software package most commonly used for creating simple charts is

A) Excel.
B) XLMiner.
C) SAS.
D) R.

Question 20

A useful type of table for describing data of two variables is a

A) data table.
B) bubble chart.
C) crosstabulation.
D) scatter chart.

Question 21

To summarize and analyze data with both a crosstabulation and charting, Excel typically pairs

A) PivotCharts with PivotTables.
B) stacked column charts with PivotTables.
C) heat maps with trendline.
D) bubble chart with trendline.

Question 22

The best way to differentiate chart elements is using

A) too many colors.
B) labels.
C) bubbles.
D) chart titles.

Question 23

The data dashboard for a marketing manager may have KPIs related to

A) current sales measures and sales by region.
B) current financial standing of the company.
C) vehicle's current speed, fuel level, and engine temperature.
D) overall performance of the company's stock over the previous 52 weeks.

Question 24

_____ merges maps and statistics to present data collected over different geographies.

A) The heat map
B) The geographic information system
C) A geographical map
D) The statistical information system

Question 25

A data visualization tool that updates in real time and gives multiple outputs is called

A) a data table.
B) a metrics table.
C) the GIS.
D) a data dashboarD)

Question 26

An alternative for a stacked column chart when comparing more than a couple of quantitative variables in each category is a

A) stacked bar chart.
B) clustered column chart.
C) pie chart.
D) clustered bar chart.

Question 27

A chart that is recommended as an alternative to a pie chart is a

A) bar chart.
B) line chart.
C) stacked column chart.
D) box plot.

Question 28

The size of the bubble in a bubble chart can represent the

A) two categorical variables.
B) z-axis value.
C) area covered by the categorical variables.
D) intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis values.

Question 29

A disadvantage of a stacked column and bar chart is

A) it does not include all the values of the variable.
B) it cannot be used to compare relative values of quantitative variables for the same category.
C) it has difficulty perceiving small differences in areas.
D) it is used when many quantitative variables need to be displayeD)

Question 30

In order to visualize three variables in two-dimensional graph, we use a

A) 2-D chart.
B) 3-D chart.
C) bubble chart.
D) column chart.

Question 31

A _____ is useful for visualizing hierarchical data along multiple dimensions.

A) heat map
B) hierarchical map
C) tree map
D) map of multiple hierarchy

Question 32

A two-dimensional graph representing the data using different shades of color to indicate magnitude is called a ______.

A) heat map
B) bubble chart
C) column chart
D) pie chart

Question 33

To generate scatter chart matrix, we use

A) native Excel functionality.
B) Excel Add-In XLMiner.
C) Excel Add-In MegaStat.
D) all of the above.

Question 34

We create multiple dashboards

A) to help the user scroll vertically and horizontally to see the entire dashboard.
B) so that each dashboard can be viewed on a single screen.
C) to make sure the KPIs are not displayed in the data dashboard.
D) so that all dashboards can be viewed on a single screen.

Question 35

A _____ is used for examining data with more than two variables and it includes a different vertical axis for each variable.

A) scatter plot.
B) PivotChart.
C) column chart.
D) parallel coordinates plot.

Question 36

An effective way to show both trend and magnitude is achieved by using a combination of a

A) time series plot and sparklines.
B) line chart and trendlines.
C) heat map and sparklines.
D) bubble chart and trendlines.

Question 37

A useful chart for displaying multiple variables is the

A) stacked column and bar charts.
B) scatter chart.
C) scatter chart matrix.
D) two-dimensional graph.

Question 38

A PivotChart, in few instances, is same as a

A) clustered column chart.
B) bubble chart.
C) stacked column chart.
D) bar chart.

Question 39

To avoid problems in interpreting the differences in color, _____ can be added.

A) a bubble chart.
B) a pie chart.
C) the heat maps.
D) the sparklines.

Question 40

In a business, the values indicating the business's current operating characteristics, such as its financial position, the inventory on hand, customer service metrics, are typically known as

A) company performance indicators.
B) performance indicators.
C) key performance indicators.
D) business performance indicators.

Question 41

Consider the below data on 30 different investments and their maturity values after 15 years.

a. Prepare a scatter diagram to show the relationship between the variables Investment and Future value. Comment on any relationship between the variables.
b. Create a trendline for the relationship between Investment and Future value.
What does the trendline indicate about this relationship?

Question 42

Consider the clustered bar chart of the dashboard developed to monitor the performance of a call center:
This chart allows the IT manager to

A) identify a particular type of problem by the call volume.
B) identify a particular type of problem by location.
C) identify different types of problems (Email, Internet, or Software) in the call center.
D) identify the frequency of each problem in the call center.

Question 43

Growth is the primary focus for all companies. A factor that acts as a key term while analysing the growth of a company is the number of resources/ employees working for the company over a period of time. One such study about a start-up company's growth, in terms of the increase in the number of employees per month in a span of 2 years is shown below:

a. Create a line chart for these time series data. What interpretations can you make about the increase in the number of employees over these 24 months?
b. Fit a linear trendline to the data. What does the trendline indicate about the increase in the number of employees over these 24 months?

Question 44

A consumer electronics company, after three months of the launch of 5 new products in the market, arrived at the following results:

a. Create a bubble chart where the market share is along the horizontal axis, the profit is on the vertical axis, and the size of the bubbles represents the cost. Format this chart for best presentation by adding axes labels and labelling each bubble with the product name.
b. The manager of the company is interested in producing the product that increases the profit for a given level of market share and cost. From the bubble chart in part a, identify the product which needs to be produced in larger quantity.
c. From the bubble chart in part a, now identify the product which needs to be produced in larger quantity taking into account both its market share and cost and that can increase the profit.

Question 45

The project lead in an MNC decides to assign every member of his team to a new project and monitors their performance on a customized scale of scores. The data on their performance over a period of six months are shown below:

a. Create a heat map in Excel that shades the cells with negative performance scores. Use Excel's Conditional Formatting function to create this heat map.
b. For each month, identify the team member who scored negative? Which month has the highest negative performance scores?

Question 46

A local search service company surveys on the number of service centres available in 3 major cities for different brands of automobiles with an objective to improve the services to its customers. The data on the 20 automobile brands and the number of service centres are given below:

a. How many automobile brands have centres between 20 and 29 in these 3 cities?
b. How many automobile brands have more than 40 centres in these cities?

Question 47

A survey on the average pass percentage achieved by 4 of the top-ranked colleges of a city for 5 different years was conducted to rate the quality of teaching in each of these colleges.

a. Construct a line chart for the time series data for years 1 through 5 showing the average pass percentage in each college. Show the time series for all four colleges on the same graph.
b. What does the line chart indicate about the average pass percentage of the colleges between years 1 through 5? Discuss.
c. Construct a clustered column chart showing average pass percentage in each college using the years 1 through 5 data. Represent the years along the horizontal axis, and cluster the average pass percentages for the four colleges in each year. Which college is leading in each year?

Question 48

The data on the scores obtained by students in 5 different entrance exams have been collected from 50 colleges and they are provided below. Create a PivotTable in Excel to display the number of students who had taken up each exam and the average score for students in each exam.

a. Which exam did most students attempt?
b. Which exam has the highest average score?
c. Use the PivotTable to determine the exam attempted by the student with the highest score. What is the exam attempted by the student with the lowest score?

Question 49

The data on the distance walked per week by 20 people of different age groups are given in the table below:

a. Create a scatter chart for these 20 observations.
b. Fit a linear trendline to the 20 observations. What can you say about the relationship between the two quantitative variables?

Question 50

Consider the below table and the line chart on the temperatures in 11 different states of the United States:


a. What are the problems with the layout and display of this line chart?
b. Create a new line chart for the given data. Format the chart to make it easy to read and interpret.

Question 51

The following table shows the average monthly distance travelled (in Billion Miles) by vehicles on urban highways for five different years.

a. Use Excel to create sparklines for the average monthly vehicle distance travelled each year.
b. Which year has decreasing trend of the average distance travelled? Which year has increasing trend of the average distance travelled?
c. Use Excel to create a heat map for the average distance travelled by vehicles. Do you find the heat map or the sparklines to be better at communicating the trend of the average vehicle distance travelled over different years? Why?

Question 52

The data on the ranks assigned to a random sample of students in a competitive exam based on scores and three different statuses are given below:

a. Create a parallel coordinates plot using XLMiner for these data. Include vertical axes for the name, score, and rank. Color the lines by the type of status.
b. According to the parallel coordinates plot, how are disable veterans differentiated from veterans?

Question 53

A research was conducted on a sample of 1000 males and 1000 females to study the kind of movie most men and women prefer to watch. The results are shown in the table below:

a. Construct a clustered column chart with the type of movie as the horizontal variable.
b. What can we infer from the clustered bar chart in part a?

Question 54

The following table is an example on the profit made by Hydro America, a water servicing company, for 5 different years.

Reformat the table to improve readability and to help the manager identify the year with the highest profit.

Question 55

Consider the following survey results regarding marital status by age:

a. Construct a stacked column chart to display the survey data on marital status. Use Age Category as the variable on the horizontal axis.
b. Construct a clustered column chart to display the survey data. Use Age Category as the variable on the horizontal axis.
c. What can you infer about the relationship between age and marital status from the column charts in parts a and b? Which column chart (stacked or clustered) is best for interpreting this relationship? Why?

Question 56

The data on the runs scored in a match by top 5 players of a cricket team are given below:

a. Create a column chart to display the information in the table above. Format the column chart to best display the data by adding axes labels, a chart title, etc.
b. Sort the values in Excel so that the column chart is ordered from most runs scored to fewest.
c. Insert data labels to display the runs scored by each player above the columns in the column chart obtained in part b.

Question 57

The income levels vary by race and educational attainment. To examine this inequality in the income, data have been collected for 7 different years on the median income earned by an individual based on the race and education.




a. Sort the PivotTable data to display the years with the smallest sum of median income on top and the largest on the bottom. Which year had the smallest sum of median income? What is the total income in the year with the smallest sum of median income?
b. Add the Racial Demographic to the Row Labels in the PivotTable. Sort the Racial Demographic by Sum of Median Income with the lowest values on top and the highest values on bottom. Filter the Row Labels so that only the year 2003 is displayed. Which Racial demography had the smallest sum of median income in the year 2003? Which Racial demography had the largest sum of median income in the year 2003?

Question 58

The total number of runs scored by the players in the previous problem is 198. The following pie chart shows the percentage of runs scored by each player:

a. What are the problems with using a pie chart to display these data?
b. What type of chart would be preferred for displaying the data in this pie chart?
c. Use a different type of chart to display the percentage of runs scored by each player that conveys the data better than the pie chart. Format the chart and add data labels to improve the chart's readability.

Question 59

The regional manager of a company wishes to determine the time spent at each division in the car production process. A study was undertaken over a month that resulted in the following data related to the percentage of time spent at three divisions - Car body construction, Paint shop, and Assembly, at four locations of production plants.

a. Create a stacked bar chart with production plants along the vertical axis. Reformat the bar chart to best display these data by adding required labels and chart title.
b. Create a clustered bar chart with production plants along the vertical axis and clusters of divisions. Reformat the bar chart to best display these data by adding required labels and chart title.
c. Create multiple bar charts where each production plant becomes a single bar chart showing the percentage of time spent at the divisions. Reformat the bar charts to best display these data by adding required labels and chart title.
d. Which form of bar chart (stacked, clustered, or multiple) is preferable for these data? Why?

Question 60

A summary on commodities below lists the change in price on a particular day for each commodity belonging to 3 categories - Base Metals, Precious Metals, and Agricultural & Cattle Futures.

a. Prepare a PivotTable that gives the frequency count of the data by Commodity Type (rows) and the Change (columns). Use classes of -0.25-(-0.15), -0.15-(-0.05), -0.05-0.05, 0.05-0.15, and 0.25-0.35 for the Change (%).
b. What conclusions can you draw about the commodity type and the change (%) in price for that particular day?

Question 61

The owner of the grocery store is interested in providing a better service to his customers with respect to the wait time at the billing counter. The data on 20 waiting customers are given below:

a. Use XLMiner to create a scatter chart matrix for these data. Include the variables wait time, purchase amount, customer age, and credit score.
b. What can you infer about the relationships between these variables from the scatter chart matrix?