Deck 4: Foundations and Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

Which of the following is the most life-threatening type of medication reaction?

A) Paradoxical reaction
B) Hypersensitivity reaction
C) Adverse reaction
D) Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 1

Anaphylactic reaction

Question 2

Which of the following can affect the half-life of a drug?

A) Patient age
B) Liver dysfunction
C) Cardiac disease
D) Smoking

Answer 2

Liver dysfunction

Question 3

Which of the following medications is absorbed most rapidly?

A) Subcutaneous insulin
B) Intravenous antibiotic
C) Rectal suppository
D) Sublingual nitroglycerin

Answer 3

Intravenous antibiotic

Question 4

The patient tells the nurse that he gets a headache after taking an antihypertensive medication.The nurse explains that this is which of the following?

A) Uncommon symptom
B) Side effect
C) Drug interaction
D) Desired effect

Question 5

The nurse is taking a drug history from a patient about her medication,and the patient tells the nurse that the one aspirin she takes a day gives her stomach pain.The patient is having which of the following kinds of reaction?

A) Allergy
B) Side effect
C) Toxic
D) Paradoxical

Question 6

Which of the following is always true regarding the generic name for a drug?

A) It is capitalized when written.
B) It is the same in any country.
C) It is assigned by a specific manufacturer.
D) It is similar to the chemical name.

Question 7

Which of the following is the effect that takes place when one drug interferes with the action of another drug?

A) Antagonistic
B) Displacement
C) Interference
D) Incompatibility

Question 8

In writing the trade name and generic name of a drug,the nurse would do which of the following?

A) Capitalize both trade and generic names.
B) Capitalize the trade name but not the generic name.
C) Capitalize only the generic name.
D) The trade name is not capitalized.

Question 9

A nurse is administering a patient's medication by mouth.The nurse knows that for this medication to be utilized by the body,diffusion,filtration,and osmosis must take place.Which of the following mechanisms is the first to be involved in that process?

A) Excretion
B) Metabolism
C) Distribution
D) Absorption

Question 10

A patient is admitted to the hospital for complaints of drowsiness and nausea after taking an over-the-counter medication for seasonal allergies.The nurse explains to the patient that this could be which of the following problems?

A) Adverse effect
B) Desired action
C) Side effect
D) Paradoxical response

Question 11

Diffusion is one of the mechanisms involved in absorption of medications.Which of the following would be an effective way for the nurse to explain this mechanism of absorption to a patient?

A) Spray perfume in the air.
B) Pour clear water into clear water in a cup.
C) Mix flour in a large cup.
D) Put bread and meat together.

Question 12

Chemical names are different from trade or brand names because chemical names describe which of the following?

A) Atomic or molecular structure
B) Metabolic and chemical structure
C) Generic or chemical structure
D) Receptor and agonist structure

Question 13

A patient is on a cardiac medication and has been drinking alcohol every evening while watching television.On a visit to the clinic,he tells the nurse this information and asks if this is all right.Which of the following should be the nurse's response?

A) "Limit your alcohol use to 8 ounces a day with a meal."
B) "Alcohol and drugs may alter the drug's ability to work."
C) "There is no alteration with alcohol and drugs if you eat."
D) "The effects of alcohol and drugs only alter sometimes."

Question 14

Vitamin C is a water-soluble medication that is dissolved,filtered,and excreted out of the body through which of the following organs?

A) The small bowel in feces
B) The gallbladder through the liver
C) The kidneys through urine
D) The skin through evaporation

Question 15

Drug metabolites can be excreted from the body in which of the following?

A) Saliva,tears,and blood
B) Urine,feces,and bone marrow
C) Feces,urine,and breast milk
D) Breast milk,blood,and urine

Question 16

The nurse explains to a patient that water should be taken with a tablet by stating which of the following?

A) "Juice or milk can keep it from dissolving."
B) "Water is important for proper metabolism."
C) "Water keeps the medicine potent."
D) "Water helps to dissolve the medication."

Question 17

A patient asks why she needs to report all the over-the-counter medications she takes to her health care provider.Which of the following represents the best response to this inquiry?

A) Some medications interfere with other medications.
B) All medications need to be listed in your record.
C) Sometimes errors are made in storing over-the-counter medications.
D) Some over-the-counter medications are mislabeled.

Question 18

The process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration is known as which of the following?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Solubility

Question 19

The nurse is explaining to a patient the difference between a side effect and an adverse reaction.This explanation would involve which of the following responses?

A) Both side effects and adverse reactions are severe.
B) Side effects are mild,and adverse effects are severe.
C) Both side effects and adverse reactions are mild.
D) Side effects are severe,and adverse reactions are mild.

Question 20

A patient has been on antibiotic therapy every 4 hours for 4 days because of a respiratory infection.The patient feels he is better and has been increasingly missing his regular doses of the medication.The nurse would advise the patient to do which of the following?

A) Take the regular doses to keep the correct level of medication in the blood.
B) Stop taking the medication.
C) Take the medication at the same level despite the missed doses.
D) Start taking the medication once a day.

Question 21

Probenecid is sometimes given to patients taking penicillin to prolong the penicillin half-life and thus enhance plasma levels of penicillin.This is a desirable example of which of the following effects?

A) Additive effect
B) Antagonistic effect
C) Synergistic effect
D) Drug interaction

Question 22

Which of the following are the two basic responses a patient can have to a drug's actions? (Select all that apply. )

A) Half-life
B) Desired action
C) Side effects
D) Bioequivalence

Question 23

A drug's trade name is used in advertisements and marketing and is often easy to remember.Which of the following drug names are trade names? (Select all that apply. )

A) Dimetapp
B) Lanoxin
C) Pen-Vee K
D) Meperidine

Question 24

Propranolol (Inderal)is eliminated almost entirely via metabolism by the liver after oral administration.This necessitates giving much larger doses by mouth as compared to intravenous (IV)administration.For this reason,propranolol is a good example of a drug that exhibits which of the following effects?

A) Hepatotoxic
B) Nephrotoxic
C) First-pass
D) Displacement

Question 25

Medications have both trade and generic names.Which two of the following medication names represent the same drug?

A) Demerol
B) Codeine
C) Valium
D) Diazepam

Question 26

Cell membranes with very small passages,such as the placental and blood-brain barriers,affect which of the following pharmacokinetic processes?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion