Deck 5: Theories of Work Motivation

Question 1

"An interesting job that pays well" suggests that the job

A)meets the motivational requirements of equity theory.
B)is high in intrinsic motivation.
C)is high in extrinsic motivation.
D)is high in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
E)is high in extrinsic but low in intrinsic motivation.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is most likely to stimulate intrinsic motivation?

A)High pay
B)Challenging job
C)Close supervision
D)Generous fringe benefits
E)Company policies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Some researchers have argued that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are incompatible.By this,they mean that

A)intrinsic rewards may decrease extrinsic motivation.
B)extrinsic rewards may decrease intrinsic motivation.
C)extrinsic rewards usually lead to better performance than intrinsic rewards.
D)intrinsic rewards usually lead to better performance than extrinsic rewards.
E)when used in combination, they result in lower levels of performance.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The text defines ________ as the extent to which persistent effort is directed towards a goal.

Question 5

Motivation is the extent to which an organizational member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization.

Question 6

People's motivation is often affected by how they see others being treated.

Question 7

Al told his friends that "the job makes me feel good about myself.I feel a real sense of accomplishment at the end of the day." Al is probably

A)intrinsically motivated.
B)extrinsically motivated.
C)fulfilling his relatedness needs on the job.
D)experiencing inequity.
E)self-actualized.

Question 8

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a basic characteristic or component of motivation?

A)Effort
B)Performance
C)Persistence
D)Direction
E)Goals

Question 9

The extent to which an organizational member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization is called

A)effort.
B)performance.
C)intrinsic motivation.
D)extrinsic motivation.
E)expectancy.

Question 10

A controversy exists as to whether the provision of ________ rewards for task performance might damage intrinsic motivation.

Question 11

What is motivation and what are its basic characteristics?

Question 12

People's motivation is often affected by how they see others being ________.

Question 13

Researchers have argued that making intrinsic rewards contingent upon performance can reduce extrinsic motivation.

Question 14

You have two co-workers who you like to work with because they are hard workers.Sal says he works hard because of the pay and benefits.Trisha says she works hard because the job gives her feelings of achievement and accomplishment.What can you say about your two co-workers?

A)Sal has intrinsic motivation and Trisha has intrinsic motivation.
B)Sal has extrinsic motivation and Trisha has extrinsic motivation.
C)Sal has autonomous motivation and Trisha has controlled motivation.
D)Sal has intrinsic motivation and Trisha has extrinsic motivation.
E)Sal has extrinsic motivation and Trisha has intrinsic motivation.

Question 15

When we speak of a person being motivated,we usually mean that the person

A)works hard and keeps at it.
B)directs his/her behaviour.
C)keeps at it and directs his/her behaviour.
D)works hard and directs his/her behaviour.
E)works hard, keeps at it, directs his/her behaviour.

Question 16

________ motivation is self-applied and stems from a direct relationship between the person and the task.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about motivation and performance is FALSE?

A)A person could be highly motivated and, yet, perform poorly.
B)A person could perform fairly well despite low motivation.
C)Motivation is defined as the extent to which workers contribute to achieving organizational objectives.
D)Task understanding is important for motivation to be converted into performance.
E)General cognitive ability and emotional intelligence are important for motivation to be converted into performance.

Question 18

Effort,persistence,and direction are basic components of

A)equity.
B)expectancy.
C)motivation.
D)performance.
E)attitude.

Question 19

Gordon Wong,the VP of Human Resources at Zeta Manufacturing,is concerned about the apparent lack of motivation among Zeta's employees.At a meeting with company executives,he proposes that workers' wages be immediately increased by 20% in order to improve motivation levels.Julia Franco,the VP of Operations disagrees."If you throw more money at them,they will become even less motivated!" she exclaims.Who is correct? Explain your answer.

Question 20

Some potential motivators might have both extrinsic and intrinsic qualities.

Question 21

From bottom to top,what is the correct order of Salovey and Mayer's model of emotional intelligence?

A)Perception of emotions; understanding of emotions; use and assimilation of emotions; management of emotions
B)Management of emotions; understanding of emotions; use and assimilation of emotions; perception of emotions
C)Perception of emotions; management of emotions; understanding of emotions; use and assimilation of emotions
D)Perception of emotions; use and assimilation of emotions; understanding of emotions; management of emotions
E)Understanding of emotions; perception of emotions; use and assimilation of emotions; management of emotions

Question 22

A person's overall capacity and efficiency for processing information is called

A)performance.
B)motivation.
C)emotional intelligence.
D)general cognitive ability.
E)intelligence.

Question 23

General cognitive ability predicts

A)learning, training, career success, and job satisfaction.
B)learning, training, job satisfaction, and job performance.
C)motivation, training, job satisfaction, and job performance.
D)learning, training, career success, and job performance.
E)motivation, training, career success, and job performance.

Question 24

The ability to accurately identify emotions in people's faces and nonverbal behaviour is an example of the

A)management of emotions.
B)understanding of emotions.
C)perception of emotions.
D)use and assimilation of emotions.
E)diagnosis of emotions.

Question 25

Which of the following is most accurate about the relationship between general cognitive ability and performance?

A)General cognitive ability predicts performance only on mental tasks.
B)General cognitive ability predicts performance only on manual tasks.
C)General cognitive ability does not predict performance.
D)General cognitive ability is a better predictor of performance for more complex tasks.
E)General cognitive ability predicts performance to the same degree on all tasks.

Question 26

According to one study,the importance of emotional intelligence for job performance depends on one's

A)intrinsic motivation.
B)extrinsic motivation.
C)cognitive ability.
D)controlled motivation.
E)autonomous motivation.

Question 27

Emotional intelligence has been found to be most important for the job performance of employees with

A)lower levels of cognitive ability.
B)higher levels of cognitive ability.
C)higher levels of intrinsic motivation.
D)lower levels of intrinsic motivation.
E)higher levels of extrinsic motivation.

Question 28

Research has found that general cognitive ability

A)predicts learning and training success but not job performance.
B)predicts learning and job performance but not training success.
C)predicts training success and job performance but not learning.
D)does not predict learning, training success, or job performance.
E)predicts learning, training success, and job performance.

Question 29

Emotional intelligence is most important for the job performance of employees with high levels of cognitive ability.

Question 30

Research has found that emotional intelligence

A)does not predict job performance.
B)predicts job performance and academic performance.
C)predicts job performance but not academic performance.
D)does not predict academic performance.
E)predicts academic performance but not job performance.

Question 31

Being able to calm oneself when angry or lower the anxiety of another person is an example of

A)management of emotions.
B)perception of emotions.
C)understanding of emotions.
D)use and assimilation of emotions.
E)general cognitive ability.

Question 32

High performance could occur despite fairly low motivation.

Question 33

Emotional intelligence is especially important in jobs

A)that are complex.
B)that involve mental tasks.
C)that involve social interaction.
D)that involve manual tasks.
E)at higher organizational levels.

Question 34

Which of the following best represents the relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance?

A)It predicts job performance above and beyond cognitive ability but not the Big Five personality variables.
B)It does not predict job performance above and beyond cognitive ability or the Big Five personality variables.
C)It predicts job performance above and beyond the Big Five personality variables but not cognitive ability.
D)It predicts job performance above and beyond cognitive ability and the Big Five personality variables.
E)It predicts job performance above and beyond cognitive ability and motivation.

Question 35

The text defines performance as the extent to which persistent effort is directed towards a goal.

Question 36

General cognitive ability is only related to performance on complex tasks.

Question 37

What step is the most basic level of emotional intelligence?

A)Use and assimilation of emotions
B)Perception of emotions
C)Understanding of emotions
D)Management of emotions
E)It depends on the situation

Question 38

The highest level of emotional intelligence is the perception of emotions.

Question 39

If you have a friend who has low cognitive ability,then his/her emotional intelligence will be important for job performance.

Question 40

The most basic step in emotional intelligence is the knowledge and understanding of emotions.

Question 41

According to Maslow,the ________ level ________ need is most motivational.

A)lowest; unsatisfied
B)lowest; satisfied
C)highest; unsatisfied
D)highest; satisfied
E)highest; emotional

Question 42

Emotional intelligence predicts academic performance.

Question 43

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,a given worker at a given point in time is most motivated by

A)self-actualization because all persons seek to fulfill their highest potential.
B)physiological needs because these are most basic and important.
C)the highest level unsatisfied need.
D)the lowest level unsatisfied need.
E)belongingness needs because everyone needs some form of social interaction.

Question 44

What is general cognitive ability and what role does it play in the motivation-performance relationship?

Question 45

________ is the highest level of emotional intelligence.

Question 46

The text defines ________ as the extent to which a member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization.

Question 47

Paul has a secure,well-paying,but boring job.He gets along well with his boss and his co-workers.Recently,he has put in a bid for several more interesting jobs that have opened up,but each time the job has been given to someone with more seniority.According to Alderfer's ERG theory,Paul will probably

A)seek support and additional attention from his boss and co-workers.
B)continue to pursue a more interesting job indefinitely.
C)exhibit frequent absenteeism.
D)press for higher pay.
E)quit his job and leave the company.

Question 48

From bottom to top,what are the levels in Salovey and Mayer's model of emotional intelligence?

Question 49

________ is particularly important in jobs that involve a lot of emotional labour.

Question 50

________ is a term used to refer to a person's basic information processing capabilities.

Question 51

Alderfer's existence needs correspond closely to Maslow's

A)self-actualization needs.
B)belongingness needs.
C)physiological needs.
D)esteem needs.
E)growth needs.

Question 52

General cognitive ability is an even better predictor of performance for more ________ and higher-level jobs.

Question 53

Emotional intelligence is most important for the job performance of employees with lower levels of ________.

Question 54

If Steve desires friendly and supportive supervision,he is trying to fulfill

A)his existence needs.
B)his relatedness needs.
C)his growth needs.
D)any one of his needs, depending on which is operative.
E)his safety needs.

Question 55

According to Maslow,once an individual has fulfilled his or her belongingness needs,the ________ needs become motivating.

A)affiliation
B)esteem
C)safety
D)relatedness
E)physiological

Question 56

________ is the first and most basic level of emotional intelligence.

Question 57

General cognitive ability is a better predictor of performance for ________ jobs.

Question 58

Emotional intelligence is most important for complex and higher-level jobs.

Question 59

Which of the following theories proposes that individuals have basic needs,which are associated with extrinsic motivation,and higher-order needs,which are associated with intrinsic motivation?

A)Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
B)Expectancy theory
C)Equity theory
D)Goal setting theory
E)Valence theory

Question 60

Alderfer differs from Maslow in that his ERG theory assumes

A)growth needs can be completely satisfied just as existence and relatedness needs can be.
B)a lower level need must be gratified before a less concrete need becomes operative.
C)a rigid hierarchy of needs exists.
D)if higher level needs are strong but ungratified, individuals will increase their desire for the gratification of lower level needs.
E)the least concrete needs become more desired as they are fulfilled.

Question 61

According to self-determination theory,the extent to which a person's motivation is autonomous or controlled depends on

A)the satisfaction of physiological needs.
B)the satisfaction of basic psychological needs.
C)the satisfaction of growth needs.
D)the satisfaction of lower-level needs.
E)the satisfaction of higher order needs.

Question 62

According to Maslow

A)self-actualization needs become weaker as they are gratified.
B)self-actualization needs become stronger as they are gratified.
C)self-actualization needs are seldom gratified.
D)when self-actualization needs are gratified, physiological needs become motivating.
E)when self-actualization needs are gratified, people are no longer motivated.

Question 63

According to self-determination theory,what basic psychological needs are important for all individuals?

A)competence, autonomy, and relatedness
B)achievement, affiliation, and power
C)existence, relatedness, and growth
D)lower level needs and higher order needs
E)physiological, safety, belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization

Question 64

As a manager,you need to evaluate the performance of your employees.Stan seems to be working hard because he wants to get a pay raise.Sue seems to work hard because she finds her work interesting and fun.What can you say about each of these employees?

A)Stan's motivation is controlled and Sue's motivation is controlled.
B)Stan's motivation is autonomous and Sue's motivation is autonomous.
C)Stan's motivation is controlled and Sue's motivation is autonomous.
D)Stan's motivation is autonomous and Sue's motivation is controlled.
E)Stan's motivation is extrinsic and Sue's motivation is controlled.

Question 65

According to self-determination theory,what basic psychological needs are important for all individuals?

A)achievement, autonomy, and relatedness
B)achievement, affiliation, and relatedness
C)competence, affiliation, and achievement
D)competence, achievement, and relatedness
E)competence, autonomy, and relatedness

Question 66

After several months on your new job,you find that your motivation is controlled.What does this mean?

A)You are motivated because you like what you are doing.
B)You are motivated because the boss likes you.
C)You are motivated because you like your boss.
D)You are motivated because of the rewards you receive.
E)You are motivated because you have to be.

Question 67

According to self-determination theory

A)there is one basic psychological need that is important for all individuals.
B)there is one basic physiological need that is important for all individuals.
C)there are three basic psychological needs that are important for all individuals.
D)there are three basic physiological needs that are important for all individuals.
E)there are no needs that are important for all individuals.

Question 68

A person who is high in need for achievement will tend to favour ________ goals.

A)fairly easy
B)moderately difficult
C)very difficult
D)fairly easy or very difficult
E)moderately easy

Question 69

According to McClelland,which need profile characterizes the most effective managers?

A)High achievement, high affiliation
B)High power, low affiliation
C)High achievement, low power
D)Low affiliation, high achievement
E)High power, high affiliation

Question 70

You have two good friends who are about to graduate and begin working full-time.Omar wants to open his own small business and Jason wants to be a social worker.According to McClelland's theory of needs,what are the needs of your friends?

A)Omar has a high need for power and Jason has a high need for affiliation.
B)Omar has a high need for power and Jason has a high need for achievement.
C)Omar has a high need for achievement and Jason has a high need for affiliation.
D)Omar has a high need for achievement and Jason has a high need for achievement.
E)Omar has a high need for affiliation and Jason has a high need for power.

Question 71

N-Ach is an example of

A)belongingness or relatedness need.
B)growth or relatedness need.
C)growth or belongingness need.
D)growth or self-actualization need.
E)growth or self-esteem need.

Question 72

McClelland's need for affiliation is most closely related to Alderfer's ________ need.

A)resistance
B)existence
C)growth
D)relatedness
E)esteem

Question 73

According to self-determination theory

A)needs are hierarchical.
B)needs are universal necessities for physiological health.
C)needs are relatively stable personality characteristics.
D)people differ in the strength of particular needs.
E)needs are universal necessities for psychological health.

Question 74

The ________ theory of motivation seeks to help a person understand whether their motivation is either autonomous or controlled.

A)equity
B)goal setting
C)expectancy
D)ERG
E)self-determination

Question 75

McClelland's need for affiliation is most closely related to (or an example of)Maslow's ________ needs.

A)belongingness
B)esteem
C)safety
D)self-actualization
E)physiological

Question 76

Need theories of motivation are concerned with

A)how various factors motivate people.
B)why various factors motivate people.
C)when various factors motivate people.
D)what various factors motivate people.
E)what various factors motivate people, and how they motivate people.

Question 77

In McClelland's theory of needs sales jobs are attractive to those high in need for ________,and management jobs are attractive to those high in need for ________.

A)achievement; power
B)affiliation; power
C)power; achievement
D)achievement; achievement
E)achievement; affiliation

Question 78

Which of the following statements about persons with high need for achievement is least accurate?

A)High need achievers tend to excel in sales jobs.
B)High need achievers tend to seek out performance feedback.
C)High need achievers tend to set extremely difficult goals for themselves.
D)High need for achievement can be acquired through training.
E)High need achievers prefer situations in which they can take personal responsibility for outcomes.

Question 79

Which theory proposes a weak or flexible hierarchy of needs?

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)ERG
D)Maslow
E)Adams

Question 80

Self-determination theory seeks to determine whether a person's motivation is ________ or ________.

A)autonomous; controlled
B)need based; extrinsic
C)expectant; controlled
D)valent; autonomous
E)valent; equitable