Deck 15: Organizational Change,Development,and Innovation

Question 1

To achieve and maintain seamless change,hyper-turbulent environments need to have the qualities of a ________ organization.

A)divisional
B)multi-national
C)learning
D)hierarchical
E)mechanistic

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Inertia is most likely to occur when resources are absent and routines have been modified.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Organizations in a ________ environment must generally exhibit more change to be effective than those operating in a more ________ environment.

A)dynamic; stable
B)dynamic; hostile
C)stable; dynamic
D)stable; open
E)open; hostile

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The perception of threat can be a motivator for change or result in extreme inertia.

Question 5

Which statement about environmental change,organizational change,and organizational effectiveness is TRUE?

A)Organizations that exhibit the most change are most effective, regardless of their environment.
B)Organizations that exhibit the least change are most effective, regardless of their environment.
C)Dynamic environments require a fairly high degree of organizational change if the organization is to be effective.
D)Stable environments require a fairly high degree of organizational change if the organization is to be effective.
E)All organizations should exhibit the same degree of change to be effective, regardless of environment.

Question 6

Almost any organizational change effort must consider changes in ________ to be effective.

A)people
B)technology
C)structure
D)basic goals and strategies
E)process

Question 7

What can cause organizations to unfreeze,scan the environment,and be motivated to change?

A)Perception of threat
B)Perception of inertia
C)Perception of resistance
D)Perception of threat and inertia
E)Perception of threat and resistance

Question 8

Recent research is showing that some organizations experience constant,unpredictable,non-linear change.These environments are called

A)difficult.
B)hyper-turbulent.
C)chaotic.
D)unmanageable.
E)all of the above.

Question 9

The Stinky Cheese Company has begun to behave rigidly and exhibit extreme inertia.What has happened?

A)Unfreezing
B)Refreezing
C)Resistance
D)Perceived threat
E)Conflict

Question 10

What is the main reason reported for the failure of organizational change programs?

A)The failure to use an experienced change agent
B)The failure to conduct a proper diagnosis
C)The failure to change the organization's culture
D)The failure to change the organization's structure
E)The failure to refreeze the change

Question 11

When is inertia most likely to occur?

A)When there is a lack of resources
B)When routines and processes are not modified
C)When routines and processes are modified
D)When there is a lack of resources and routines and processes are not modified
E)When there is a lack of resources and routines and processes are modified

Question 12

The main reason for the failure of organizational change programs is the failure to change an organization's culture.

Question 13

Unfreezing

A)is an organizational development technique pioneered by the U.S. Navy.
B)is the first step in the organizational change process.
C)is the most effective organizational development technique.
D)consistently prevents the diffusion of change efforts.
E)is required to ensure that new attitudes or behaviours become an enduring part of the organization.

Question 14

Perceived threat can lead to extreme inertia.

Question 15

Some degree of capability,opportunity,and ________ must be present for successful change.

A)motivation
B)support
C)autonomy
D)feedback
E)leadership

Question 16

Sometimes when threat is perceived,organizations unfreeze.

Question 17

Perceived threat can be a motivator for change and prevent inertia.

Question 18

What effect does the perception of threat have on change?

A)Motivator for change
B)Extreme inertia
C)Motivator for change and extreme inertia
D)Resistance and extreme inertia
E)Motivator for change and resistance

Question 19

In order for change to occur,people must have the

A)capability and the opportunity and the need to change.
B)knowledge and the opportunity and the motivation to change.
C)capability and the opportunity and the support to change.
D)capability and the opportunity and the motivation to change.
E)capability and the motivation and the support to change.

Question 20

When a university program was threatened by low enrollment,the faculty spent many hours revising the curriculum.Resources were invested but the revised curriculum looked like the old one.What happened?

A)Resistance
B)Poor diagnosis
C)Failure to institutionalize the change
D)Routines and processes were not modified.
E)Refreezing did not occur.

Question 21

In order for change to occur,people must have the capability and the opportunity and the ________ to change.

Question 22

Organizations with hyper-turbulent environments face special challenges which require them to constantly acquire,assimilate,and ________ information.

Question 23

Sometimes organizations seem paralyzed by threat and exhibit extreme ________.

Question 24

Discuss four specific factors that organizations can change.What factor is most important for change and why?

Question 25

What are the three stages of change according to Lewin's model of the change process? Briefly explain what happens at each stage.

Question 26

In order for change to occur,people must have the capability and the opportunity and the support to change.

Question 27

Lewin's model of change does not apply to firms in hyper-turbulent environments.

Question 28

Crises are especially likely to stimulate ________.

Question 29

Changing an organization's ________ is considered to be a fundamental aspect of organizational change.

Question 30

Change almost always requires some modification of ________ and processes.

Question 31

One of the most important and difficult changes that an organization can make is to change its technology.

Question 32

Sometimes when a threat is perceived,organizations use the threat as a ________ for change.

Question 33

Crises are especially likely to stimulate resistance.

Question 34

Change almost always requires some investment of ________.

Question 35

________ are especially likely to stimulate unfreezing.

Question 36

The main reason reported for the failure of organizational change programs is the failure to change an organization's ________.

Question 37

One of the most important and difficult changes that an organization can make is to change its ________.

Question 38

In order for change to occur,people must have the capability and the ________ and the motivation to change.

Question 39

What is a hyper-turbulent environment? What industries do we usually associate with this type of organizational environment? How do organizations with this type of environment manage information in order to be ready for rapid change on an ongoing basis?

Question 40

In order for change to occur,people must have the capability and the opportunity and the motivation to change.

Question 41

Define organizational learning and describe the primary methods of organizational learning.

Question 42

Learning organizations are more likely to have higher overall levels of ________ than organizations that are not rated as learning organizations.

Question 43

Discuss the factors that organizations can change and mention two important points about the various areas in which organizations can introduce change.

Question 44

What are the primary methods of organizational learning?

A)Knowledge finding and knowledge sharing
B)Knowledge acquisition and knowledge innovation
C)Knowledge creation and knowledge sharing
D)Knowledge acquisition and knowledge development
E)Knowledge acquisition and knowledge management

Question 45

Learning organizations are almost 100 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability than those organizations not rated as learning organizations.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)Learning organizations are not more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
B)Learning organizations are almost 100 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
C)Learning organizations are almost 50 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
D)Learning organizations are almost 10 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
E)Learning organizations are almost 90 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.

Question 47

Organizational change is more likely to occur in a learning organization.

Question 48

Two primary methods of organizational learning are knowledge acquisition and knowledge ________.

Question 49

Organizational change is much more likely to occur in a ________ organization.

Question 50

The Stinky Cheese Company has determined that in order to remain competitive they need to make some changes to the organization's culture and become more innovative and entrepreneurial.However,they are concerned that such a change might be difficult for employees who might not want to change.What three factors should the company focus on if they want to achieve a successful change? Give an example of each factor.

Question 51

________ organizations have established systems and structures to acquire,code,store,and distribute important information and knowledge.

Question 52

Organizations learn through knowledge acquisition and knowledge exploitation.

Question 53

Define a learning organization and describe the critical dimensions of a learning organization.

Question 54

The key dimensions of a learning organization are vision/support,culture,learning systems/dynamics,and ________.

Question 55

The Institute for Learning serves as what organization's strategic learning base?

A)CIBC
B)TD Bank
C)RBC Financial
D)BMO
E)Scotiabank

Question 56

Learning organizations are more likely to be more profitable than other organizations.

Question 57

Discuss the effect of the perception of threat on change and the likelihood of inertia.

Question 58

Learning organizations are almost 90 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability than those organizations not rated as learning organizations.

Question 59

Learning organizations are better able to retain employees than other organizations.

Question 60

What are the key dimensions of a learning organization?

A)Vision/support; culture; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge acquisition
B)Vision/support; knowledge acquisition; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge distribution
C)Vision/support; knowledge acquisition; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge management/infrastructure
D)Knowledge acquisition; knowledge distribution; knowledge transfer; knowledge management
E)Vision/support; culture; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge management/infrastructure

Question 61

________ leaders are especially skilled at overcoming resistance to change.

Question 62

Which of the following statements concerning organizational development is FALSE?

A)OD is a planned effort to change organizations.
B)OD recognizes that all organizational change affects members and is implemented with their cooperation.
C)OD had its roots in the disciplines of engineering and accounting.
D)OD uses the knowledge of behavioural science to foster a culture of organizational self-examination.
E)OD techniques generally have a positive impact on productivity and job satisfaction.

Question 63

A change agent is

A)an expert in diagnosing and changing organizations by applying behavioural science knowledge.
B)any strategy or tactic that provokes change in an organization.
C)a person who resists organizational change.
D)the first person in a work group to "unfreeze" and convince his or her colleagues to do the same.
E)an outside consultant hired to diagnose and correct problems in organizational structures.

Question 64

Why do organizational members often resist change? What can managers do to try to overcome this resistance?

Question 65

Diagnosis

A)should be the last step in the process of organizational change.
B)means the same thing as "evaluation" of organizational change.
C)indicates organizational problems and suggests reasonable changes.
D)is a method of team building.
E)is an internal process which does not involve external stakeholders such as customers.

Question 66

Institutionalization is said to have occurred when a change is made truly permanent.

Question 67

Which of the following is most conducive to the acceptance of change?

A)A small identity gap
B)A large identity gap
C)A moderate identity gap
D)No identity gap
E)A moderate to large identity gap

Question 68

The text pointed out a quality that was 1)useful for overcoming resistance to change and 2)a common characteristic of idea or project champions.What is this quality?

A)Creativity-relevant skill
B)Modesty
C)Transformational leadership
D)Intelligence
E)Tolerance for ambiguity

Question 69

Acme Limited had quality teams for three years,but they gradually lapsed into disuse and were finally abandoned.This is a problem of

A)diffusion.
B)evaluation.
C)unfreezing.
D)institutionalization.
E)reengineering.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a value assumption held by most OD change agents?

A)Organizational members should self-actualize.
B)Most people must be manipulated to increase their contribution to the achievement of organizational goals.
C)The open expression of feelings in organizations is desirable.
D)The level of trust and cooperation in most organizations should be increased.
E)Organizational effectiveness should be enhanced to the greatest degree possible.

Question 71

Transformational leaders can be especially effective when it comes to

A)overcoming resistance to change and survey feedback.
B)overcoming resistance to change and reengineering.
C)unfreezing and reengineering.
D)refreezing and reengineering.
E)overcoming resistance to change and institutionalization.

Question 72

Those people within an organization who resist change tend to have a character including all of the following EXCEPT

A)cognitively rigid.
B)seeking routine.
C)have a short term focus.
D)self-efficacious.
E)none of the above.

Question 73

The process of ________ can show that an organizational problem exists and can suggest what changes should be implemented.

Question 74

The Stinky Cheese Company has just undergone a major and complex change effort that will require employees to work in self-managing teams.The VP of Human Resources is concerned that the institutionalization of the change will be difficult.You have been hired as a consultant to inform her of the factors that can inhibit institutionalization.What will you tell her and recommend that she does to ensure that the change is institutionalized?

Question 75

Transformational leaders are particularly likely to be the victims of resistance to change.

Question 76

At the ________ stage,defence mechanisms might be activated to deny or rationalize the signals that change is needed.

Question 77

Telly is an expert at applying behavioural science knowledge to organizational change.In other words,he's a(n)________.

Question 78

Defence mechanisms might be activated during the change stage.

Question 79

Change agents are the first organizational members to change after an OD intervention occurs.

Question 80

A large identity gap is most conducive to increased acceptance of change.