Deck 33: Fluorides, Chlorhexidine, Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Xylitol

Question 1

Many home water filtration devices remove fluoride from community water. Well water may contain water from multiple sources with various fluoride concentrations.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Answer 1

Both statements are true.

Question 2

All of the following characteristics are true about amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) except:

A) prevents caries progression.
B) enhances enamel mineralization.
C) enhances dentin and cementum mineralization.
D) occludes dentinal tubules.
E) contains minerals similar to enamel.

Answer 2

enhances dentin and cementum mineralization.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a way to decrease the pathologic factors for caries management?

A) Explaining the caries process
B) Teaching brushing and flossing
C) Reducing caloric intake
D) Using a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse to reduce the numbers of S. mutans
E) Using xylitol gum to reduce the numbers of S. mutans

Answer 3

Reducing caloric intake

Question 4

When assessing a client's fluoride intake, it is only important to consider parts per million (ppm) in community water. The ppm in community water varies depending on climate and average yearly temperatures.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 5

Fluoride prescription supplements for children can increase the risk of developing fluorosis. The risk of developing dental fluorosis has increased in recent years due to clients' exposure to multiple sources of fluoride.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 6

Teeth are most susceptible to caries the first year after eruption. Young children should not use a fluoridated dentifrice until the age of 2.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 7

Acidulated fluorides are fluoride products that contain hydrofluoric acid and have a pH of approximately 4. Acidulated fluorides enhance the uptake of fluoride into the hydroxyapatite of tooth structure.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 8

All of the following statements are true about xerostomia clients and treatment except:

A) clients with xerostomia should not use dentifrices containing potassium nitrate.
B) clients with xerostomia are usually higher caries risk.
C) several hundred medications can cause xerostomia.
D) mineral availability is reduced in clients with xerostomia.
E) salivary pH is decreased and is often lower in clients with xerostomia.
F) clients often have difficulty speaking because of less lubricated oral soft tissues.

Question 9

The goal of caries management is maintaining and sustaining a balance between pathologic and preventive factors. Remineralizing early noncavitated carious lesions can be accomplished by enhancing salivary flow.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 10

Management of acute fluoride toxicity includes all of the following except:

A) induce vomiting with ipecac syrup if client is conscious.
B) administer milk of magnesia or milk.
C) emergency medical services (EMS) should be contacted as soon as possible.
D) vomiting should not be induced.
E) monitor respiration and blood pressure.

Question 11

Children older than 10 cannot develop fluorosis from topical fluoride. The only way a child can develop fluorosis from topical fluoride is by habitually swallowing products during tooth formation.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 12

Pathologic risk factors are factors that improve the chance that a person will not develop caries. Protective risk factors are factors that contribute to the chance that a person will develop caries.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 13

Vertical caries transmission is from parent-to-child. Horizontal transmission is from person-to-person.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 14

The primary role of probiotics in controlling dental caries is probiotics:

A) kill all S. mutans.
B) kill most Lactobacillus acidophilus.
C) kill both S. mutans and L. acidophilus.
D) can displace cariogenic bacteria with noncariogenic bacteria.
E) displace cariogenic bacteria but do not increase the number of noncariogenic bacteria.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is false regarding neutral fluoride gels, foams, and varnishes?

A) It should be used for patients with gold restorations because acidulated fluoride (APF) can corrode metal.
B) Neutral fluoride products include foams and gels for tray application.
C) Research has not yet demonstrated that it is as effective as APF or acidulated fluoride.
D) It should be used for patients with sealants.
E) Neutral fluorides are preferred for porcelain restorations because APF can cause pitting.

Question 16

Xylitol is a noncariogenic sweetener, a sugar alcohol, and inhibits the attachment of Streptococcus mutans. Xylitol is not fermented by cariogenic bacteria and, therefore, decreases S. mutans infection.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 17

Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used for the management of dental caries. Chlorhexidine works by lysing, or disintegrating, bacterial cell membranes.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 18

All of the following are true about the caries management process for all clients except:

A) early risk assessment of children and the education of mothers.
B) avoiding the use of sharp explorers on demineralized areas of teeth.
C) preventive professional application of fluoride every six months.
D) suppressing acidophilic oral microorganisms.

Question 19

The CLD is the amount of fluoride that can be ingested without causing serious side effects. The STD is the amount of fluoride that will result in client death.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 20

Randomized controlled clinical trials are the gold standard to test therapeutic interventions. The American Dental Association periodically releases recommendations gleaned only from evidence-based research.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 23

Select four conditions that are associated with chronic fluoride toxicity (CFT).

A) Crohn's disease
B) Hyperthyroidism
C) Hypomineralized teeth
D) Skeletal fluorosis
E) Brittle bones

Question 24

Place the following procedural steps in order from first step to last step. Your answer should appear with commas and spaces (e.g. A, B, C, D, E, F, G).

A) Explain the benefits of fluoride and obtain informed consent.
B) Load fluoride into trays.
C) Place saliva ejector.
D) Try-in trays to select appropriate size.
E) Offer post-treatment instructions.
F) Insert both trays.
G) Dry the teeth.