Deck 42: Persons With Disabilities

Question 1

All of the following client risks except one are associated with persons who are paralyzed from the waist down and who require wheelchair transfers into the dental chair. Which is the one exception?

A) Aspiration
B) Muscle spasms
C) Decubitus ulcers
D) Disruption of bladder and bowel elimination

Answer 1

Aspiration

Question 2

When transferring a client from a wheelchair, a transfer belt is securely fastened just under the client's arm pit. Transfer belts provide a place to hold the client in the event that the person begins to fall during the transfer process.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Answer 2

The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 3

An example of someone who is classified as having a medical disability would be an individual who has:

A) anorexia.
B) cerebral palsy.
C) paralysis.
D) rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 3

rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 4

A client who exhibits swallowing difficulties should be placed in a sitting or semi-inclined position during the placement of an amalgam restoration. To prevent aspiration of any amalgam particles, the client should have a rubber dam placed in his mouth.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 5

An impaired client who is unable to hold a toothbrush in the hand would benefit from a(n):

A) universal cuff.
B) irrigation device.
C) powered toothbrush.
D) handle that is wide and bulky.

Question 6

Negative attitudes toward the disabled by dental professionals may be caused by:

A) lack of education on how to treat the disabled.
B) unwillingness to accept substandard fees.
C) fear of the disabled patient.
D) lack of experience in treating the disabled.
E) all of the above.

Question 7

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), in public facilities both architectural and communication barriers must be removed. A dentist who leases an office is not responsible for ensuring the office is accessible to people with disabilities.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 8

If the client is ambulatory, fully functional, and without cognitive impairment, consent to speak with other caregivers and providers, as well as permission to proceed with care must be obtained directly from the client. If the client is under the care of a legal guardian, the guardian must provide informed consent for planned interventions and consultations with other providers.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 9

Acquired disabilities occur after the age of 22 and are caused by disease, trauma, or injury. A client who has a traumatic brain injury as a result of a car accident would fall under this classification.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 10

The dental hygienist is assessing a new client in the practice. The client suffered a stroke about 8 months ago. What is the dental hygienist trying to evaluate when watching the client brush teeth with his or her current technique?

A) The client's skill level
B) The client's grip strength
C) The client's range of motion
D) The client's ability to understand and follow directions

Question 11

What kind of custom-made oral self-care device is needed by an impaired person with a limited range of arm and hand motion?

A) Powered toothbrush
B) An oral self-care device with a thick, built-up handle
C) An oral self-care device with an extended handle
D) An oral self-care device that has a bent handle

Question 12

To assess a client's grip strength, the dental hygienist should have the client grasp:

A) a golf ball.
B) a tennis ball.
C) a softball.
D) various sizes of foam cylinders.

Question 13

What level of functional limitation would a client who uses adaptive equipment, such as an augmentative and alternative communication device, be classified?

A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level III
D) Level IV

Question 14

Which of the following oral devices can be used to prevent self-inflicted trauma to the mouth by children with behavioral problems?

A) Obturators
B) Mouthsticks
C) Palatal lifts
D) Custom mouth protectors

Question 15

In order to prevent decubitus ulcers from forming, clients who are paralyzed and use a wheelchair should shift their weight every _____ minutes.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 45
D) 60

Question 16

The primary reason why most disabled people do not have access to dental care is they:

A) are unable to pay for their dental work.
B) do not care about their dental health.
C) are unable to travel to a dental office.
D) are unable to find a dentist who will treat them.

Question 17

All of the following are examples of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Client can cook dinner for himself or herself.
B) Client can brush teeth.
C) Client can clean house.
D) Client can drive a van adapted for his or her impairment.

Question 18

A mouth stick may be used by a tetraplegic for all the following reasons except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Typing on a computer keyboard
B) Operating home appliances
C) Using a touch pad of a telephone
D) Cleaning the mouth

Question 19

When fabricating a mouthstick for a tetraplegic, the clinician should make sure the:

A) appliance has a bright color so it can be visibly seen.
B) appliance is stable when held in place.
C) appliance impedes the client's line of vision.
D) that the biting forces are distributed primarily on the anterior teeth.

Question 20

All of the following are signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Disorientation
B) Profuse sweating
C) Low blood pressure
D) Severe headache

Question 21

Clients with neuromuscular problems such as tremors, muscle spasms, or hyperflexive responses may require a stabilization device to ensure their safety during dental treatment. Since the immobilization device is not harming the client, it is not necessary to obtain informed consent from the client, parent, and or caregiver.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 22

According to the Americans with Disability Act, the term disability is associated with a limitation in a major life activity. Major life activities can include learning, thinking, interacting with others, and the operation of major bodily functions.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 23

In preparing for a wheelchair transfer, the dental hygienist should position herself with her feet adjacent to each other for good balance and keep the knees unbent to protect against back strain. In addition, the operator should twist his or her back while lifting the client out of the wheelchair and into the dental chair.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 24

Providing breaks in treatment and/or providing a reward for a set time of good behavior describes which form of behavioral guidance technique?

A) Modeling
B) Contingent escape
C) Relaxation
D) Distraction

Question 25

A client who has cerebral palsy is someone who has an impairment; therefore when referring to this client, the hygienist should use the phrase "he is my cerebral palsy case."

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 26

Impairments occur as a result of pathology or disease and include any loss or abnormality of physiologic, anatomic, or mental function; therefore a client who has a broken leg would not be considered to have an impairment, because it is a temporary condition.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 27

All of the following should be taken into consideration when treating a patient who is totally blind except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Greet the client by grasping their hand.
B) Allow the client to smell and feel materials that are to be used.
C) Instruct the client to leave the guide dog in the waiting area.
D) Explain to the client the location of the dental operatory.

Question 28

When performing a transfer (using a sliding/transfer board) from the wheelchair to the dental chair, the dental professional must do all of the following except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Stabilize the client's legs.
B) Clear the area of any obstacles.
C) Secure a transfer belt to the client.
D) Raise the dental chair above the wheelchair height.
E) Grasp the client under the arms and around the back.

Question 29

A client who is unable to put thoughts into words or to comprehend words is exhibiting which type of communication disorder?

A) Dysarthria
B) Apraxia
C) Aphasia
D) Autism

Question 30

Behavioral guidance techniques that use numerous short appointments or visits to the dental office to instill familiarity with the dental environment is termed:

A) modeling.
B) desensitization.
C) distraction.
D) guided imagery.