Deck 44: Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What mechanism is thought to cause tissue damage in persons with diabetes?

A) Alteration of the immunoinflammatory response
B) Bacteriologic overgrowth
C) Ketoacidosis
D) Hypoglycemia

Answer 1

Alteration of the immunoinflammatory response

Question 2

All of the following are drug therapies for people with diabetes. Which one stimulates the pancreas to secrete more insulin?

A) Exenatide (Byetta)
B) Sulfonylureas
C) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Precose)
D) Thiazolidinedione (Avandia)

Answer 2

Sulfonylureas

Question 3

What percentage of persons with type 2 diabetes takes oral hypoglycemic medication to control hyperglycemia?

A) 12%
B) 14%
C) 16%
D) 58%

Answer 3

58%

Question 4

What emergency care should be given to a client with signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis?

A) Four ounces of orange juice
B) Oxygen
C) Glucose tablets
D) Hospitalization

Question 5

Xerostomia in people with diabetes is due to which of the following?

A) Increased fluid loss
B) Polydipsia
C) Neuropathy
D) Parotid gland swelling

Question 6

What percentage of people with diabetes has severe periodontal disease?

A) 25%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 7

The six complications of diabetes are caused by which of the following?

A) Medications
B) Absence of insulin
C) Lack of glucose to the brain
D) Hyperglycemia

Question 8

When a person with diabetes displays signs of confusion, sweating, irritability, and tachycardia, the medical emergency is most likely to be:

A) myocardial infarction.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) convulsions.

Question 9

Which type of diabetes results from insulin resistance and a defect in insulin secretion?

A) Type 1
B) Type 2

Question 10

Glucose intolerance that can occur during pregnancy is termed:

A) impaired fasting glucose.
B) gestational diabetes mellitus.
C) prediabetes.
D) autoimmune diabetes.

Question 11

What is the most common medical emergency for people with diabetes?

A) Myocardial infarction
B) Coma
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Stroke

Question 12

Which type of diabetes involves an absolute deficiency in insulin secretion?

A) Type 1
B) Type 2

Question 13

A common complication of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, is a result of which of the following?

A) Microvascular and macrovascular changes
B) Peripheral neuropathy
C) Retinopathy
D) Nephropathy

Question 14

Which of the following oral conditions is considered the sixth complication of diabetes?

A) Dental caries
B) Fungal infections
C) Xerostomia
D) Periodontal disease

Question 15

The following A₁C level indicates that a person with diabetes may have greater periodontal inflammation, attachment loss, and bone loss:

A) greater than 8%.
B) less than 80%.
C) greater than 200%.
D) less than 120%.

Question 16

Polydipsia is the term that describes excessive:

A) urination.
B) hunger or eating.
C) thirst.
D) glucose in the blood.

Question 17

What is responsible for the increasing incidence of diabetes in the U.S. population?

A) Obesity
B) Heredity
C) Sugar in the diet
D) Hypertension

Question 18

What is the most common type of diabetes mellitus?

A) Type 1
B) Type 2
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Prediabetes

Question 19

Atherosclerotic disease is more common in which type of diabetes?

A) Type 1
B) Type 2
C) Gestational diabetes mellitus
D) Prediabetes

Question 20

What emergency care should be given to a conscious client with hypoglycemia?

A) Spirits of ammonia
B) Epinephrine
C) Hard candy
D) Glucagon

Question 21

Dental hygiene interventions for the person with diabetes will include:

A) reevaluation appointment.
B) monitoring of the overall health status.
C) collaboration with the physician or diabetes educator.
D) frequent periodontal maintenance intervals.
E) all of the above.

Question 22

A person with prediabetes can prevent the onset of diabetes.

Question 23

The African American person who is over 40 years old, overweight, has abdominal body fat, physical inactivity, and no symptoms of diabetes should be tested for:

A) beta cell destruction.
B) type 1 diabetes mellitus.
C) hypertension.
D) neuropathy.
E) impaired glucose tolerance.

Question 24

Dietary control of obesity, treatment of hypertension, treatment of hyperlipidemia, and elimination of smoking may do which of the following?

A) Prevent dental caries in persons with diabetes.
B) Increase gestational diabetes mellitus.
C) Prevent prediabetes from becoming diabetes mellitus.
D) Prevent oral fungal infections.

Question 25

Dental hygiene care should not begin until the diabetic condition is controlled.

Question 26

Interventions shown to prevent type 2 diabetes by 58% to 71% include:

A) 30 minutes of walking 5 times a week, and 7% weight reduction.
B) eating less sugar.
C) frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose.
D) all of the above.

Question 27

Antibiotics should be used for individuals with diabetes in which of the following cases?

A) Prophylactically in well controlled individuals
B) To treat oral fungal infections
C) If an infection is present

Question 28

The safe blood glucose level necessary for unaltered dental hygiene care is _____ mg/dL.

A) less than 70
B) 80 to 149
C) 150 to 240
D) greater than 200

Question 29

Neuropathy, xerostomia, and candidiasis in the person with diabetes may lead to which of the following?

A) Dental caries
B) Severe periodontal disease
C) Tongue changes
D) Hyperglycemia

Question 30

A scheduled client has diabetes and is showing symptoms of diabetes. The client reported recent test findings of a fasting blood glucose level greater than 126 mg/dL, and blood glucose levels greater than 200 mg/dL two hours after a meal. The dental hygienist should do which of the following?

A) Defer treatment and refer client to his or her physician.
B) Conduct a consultation with the physician to determine the best course of action.
C) Continue dental hygiene care.
D) Let the dentist provide the periodontal maintenance care.