Deck 3: Evidence-Based Decision Making

Question 1

Primary research includes all of the following except:

A) experimental studies.
B) observational studies.
C) systematic reviews.
D) case control studies.
E) cohort studies.

Answer 1

systematic reviews.

Question 2

Which of the following can generate questions in practice?

A) Client care issues
B) Client clinical condition
C) Clinical problems
D) Clinician's interest
E) All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) Evidence alone does not tell practitioners what to do.
B) All evidence is equal on the hierarchy.
C) The number of studies increase as you move up the hierarchy.
D) The clinical relevance of studies decreases as you move up the hierarchy.
E) None of the above are true statements.

Answer 3

Evidence alone does not tell practitioners what to do.

Question 4

The purpose of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) is to:

A) emphasize new research findings.
B) close the gap between research and practice.
C) defer to clients' wishes.
D) use expert opinions.
E) do none of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following components define evidence-based practice?

A) Clinical judgment and expertise
B) Client values/preferences
C) Scientific research
D) Both a and c
E) Options a, b, and c

Question 6

The AHA Guidelines on Prevention of Infective Endocarditis changed most recently because of:

A) more people dying from dental procedures.
B) quality of evidence.
C) dental professionals not following the guidelines.
D) client compliance.
E) a change in medications available.

Question 7

Which of the following describes a clinical practice guideline?

A) Secondary evidence
B) Incorporates scientific evidence from SRs and MAs
C) A panel of experts makes specific recommendations
D) Intended to translate the research into practical applications
E) All of the above

Question 8

Select the PICO component that is either missing or incomplete from this question: For a client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease, will antimicrobial therapy (minocycline HCI) with scaling and root planning, as compared to antimicrobial therapy alone, be more effective?

A) P (present and complete: client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease)
B) I (present and complete: antimicrobial therapy [minocycline HCI] with scaling and root planning)
C) C (present and complete: antimicrobial therapy alone)
D) O (incomplete, more effective in doing what should be specified [e.g., more effective in stopping the progression of attachment loss])
E) No component is missing/incomplete

Question 9

Characteristics of secondary research include the following except:

A) filtered, preappraised research.
B) meta-analyses.
C) systematic reviews.
D) case reports.
E) research on already conducted research.

Question 10

Characteristics of experimental studies include:

A) testing cause and effect.
B) describing already existing conditions.
C) testing potentially harmful substances.
D) both b and c.
E) options a, b, and c.

Question 11

EBDM is now possible due primarily to which factor(s)?

A) Scientific databases
B) Computer access
C) Information explosion
D) Both a and b
E) Both a and c

Question 12

Being a good consumer of research literature means you:

A) understand what you are reading.
B) can identify the level of evidence.
C) know how much confidence you can put into the findings.
D) Both a and c are correct.
E) Options a, b, and c are correct.

Question 13

The second step in the EBDM process is:

A) finding the best evidence.
B) applying the results to client care.
C) asking a good clinical question.
D) evaluating the results.
E) critically appraising the evidence.

Question 14

The first step in the EBDM process is:

A) finding the best evidence.
B) applying the results to client care.
C) asking a good clinical question.
D) evaluating the results.
E) critically appraising the evidence.

Question 15

Which of the key critical analysis questions should be answered first so that your time is used most efficiently?

A) What are the results?
B) Are the results of the study valid?
C) Will the results help in caring for my client?
D) Why was the study conducted?
E) Was statistical significance found in analyzing the data?

Question 16

Characteristics of nonexperimental research include:

A) making observations between exposures and diseases.
B) ability to conduct studies prospectively.
C) ability to conduct studies retrospectively.
D) both a and c.
E) options a, b, and c.

Question 17

Which of the following organizations is solely dedicated to producing systematic reviews?

A) American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
B) American Academy of Periodontology
C) American Dental Association
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
E) Cochrane Collaboration

Question 18

Which of the following are considered Level 1 evidence?

A) RCTs, systematic reviews, case reports
B) Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies
C) RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses
D) RCTs, cohort studies, case control studies
E) Case series, case control studies, RCTs

Question 19

Which of the following distinguishes EBDM from traditional decision making?

A) Client preferences or values
B) Clinical circumstances
C) Clinician's experience and judgment
D) Scientific evidence
E) All of the above

Question 20

Which two PICO components provide the primary searching terms?

A) Problem and outcome (primary focus is on the intervention treatment and comparison treatment)
B) Intervention and comparison
C) Intervention and outcome (partially correct; intervention needs to be compared with the comparison treatment to determine which might be more effective and appropriate)
D) Comparison and outcome (partially correct; comparison needs to be compared with the intervention treatment to determine which might be more effective and appropriate)
E) None of the above

Question 22

Put the levels of evidence order of their ability to demonstrate causality and limit bias, with answer 1 as the highest level and 5 as the lowest level.

A) Case control study
B) Cohort study
C) Systematic review
D) Randomized controlled trial
E) Case report
1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
5) 5

Question 23

Benefits of using PubMed include:

A) the clinical queries feature.
B) using evidence-based filters to retrieve articles.
C) searching electronically across hundreds of journals at the same time.
D) finding relevant clinical evidence when it's needed.
E) all of the above.

Question 24

Which of the PubMed clinical queries options finds citations such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, reviews of clinical trials, and consensus development conferences?

A) Clinical study categories: Therapy and Narrow scope
B) Clinical study categories: Therapy and Broad scope
C) Systemic reviews
D) Medical genetics searches
E) Both a and b

Question 25

Critical analysis requires that you understand:

A) research design and level of evidence.
B) statistical and clinical significance.
C) formulating a PICO question.
D) both a and b.
E) both b and c.