Question 1

Matching&#10;The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins includes several soluble and membrane proteins that share structural homologies.&#10; All members of this family bind to members of the TNF-receptor family of molecules expressed on cell surfaces.&#10;TNF-R family members are structurally homologous to one another and utilize similar signal transduction pathways.&#10;For each description of a TNF or a TNF-R family member in questions , select the term listed in options A-E that best matches it.&#10;Expressed on macrophages and B lymphocytes, this receptor plays an important role in the helper T cell-mediated effector functions.&#10;A)TNF-RI&#10;B)CD40&#10;C)Fas ligand&#10;D)RANK&#10;E)Lymphotoxin

Accepted Answer

CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family expressed by B cells, macrophages, and other cell types
CD40 binds CD40 ligand on activated helper T cells, and ligand binding initiates signaling pathways that activate macrophages and B lymphocytes
CD40-mediated macrophage activation leads to enhanced phagocytic and microbicidal functions, and CD40-mediated B cell activation is essential for helper T cell-dependent Ig isotype switching and affinity maturation.

Question 2

Matching&#10;The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins includes several soluble and membrane proteins that share structural homologies.&#10; All members of this family bind to members of the TNF-receptor family of molecules expressed on cell surfaces.&#10;TNF-R family members are structurally homologous to one another and utilize similar signal transduction pathways.&#10;For each description of a TNF or a TNF-R family member in questions , select the term listed in options A-E that best matches it.&#10;Produced by T cells and binds to the same receptors as does TNF-a produced by macrophages&#10;A)TNF-RI&#10;B)CD40&#10;C)Fas ligand&#10;D)RANK&#10;E)Lymphotoxin

Accepted Answer

Lymphotoxin (LT), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-b, shares 30% sequence homology with TNF-a made by macrophages; it binds to the same receptors as TNF-a, and thus has the same biologic effects
The quantity of LT secreted by antigen-stimulated T cells is much less than TNF-a secreted by activated macrophages, and therefore LT does not have systemic effects
LT is considered to be an important link between T cell activation and acute inflammation, and it is also critical for the architectural development of lymphoid organs.

Question 3

For each of the descriptions of a biologic function in questions , select the T cell-derived cytokine (A-E) that matches it.
Inhibits proliferation and differentiation of T cells and the activation of macrophages

A)Interferon-g
B)Interleukin (IL)-4
C)IL-5
D)Transforming growth factor-b
E)Lymphotoxin

Accepted Answer

Interferon (IFN)-g is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by helper T cells of the TH1 subset and natural killer (NK) cells
This cytokine induces class II MHC expression on various cell types, thereby enhancing antigen presentation to CD4⁺ T cells
Other important biologic activities of IFN-g are induction of class I MHC expression, macrophage activation, and B cell Ig isotype switching.

Question 4

Matching&#10;The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins includes several soluble and membrane proteins that share structural homologies.&#10; All members of this family bind to members of the TNF-receptor family of molecules expressed on cell surfaces.&#10;TNF-R family members are structurally homologous to one another and utilize similar signal transduction pathways.&#10;For each description of a TNF or a TNF-R family member in questions , select the term listed in options A-E that best matches it.&#10;Expressed on osteoclasts, this receptor is important in remodeling bone.&#10;A)TNF-RI&#10;B)CD40&#10;C)Fas ligand&#10;D)RANK&#10;E)Lymphotoxin

Accepted Answer

RANK, also known as osteoprotegerin receptor, is a tumor necrosis factor receptor family member expressed on osteoclasts and some macrophages
RANK is involved in bone resorption, both in health and in disease states such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 5

Matching&#10;The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins includes several soluble and membrane proteins that share structural homologies.&#10; All members of this family bind to members of the TNF-receptor family of molecules expressed on cell surfaces.&#10;TNF-R family members are structurally homologous to one another and utilize similar signal transduction pathways.&#10;For each description of a TNF or a TNF-R family member in questions , select the term listed in options A-E that best matches it.&#10;Expressed as a membrane molecule on the surface of activated T cells, it binds to a receptor found on many cell types, including T cells, and induces apoptosis.&#10;A)TNF-RI&#10;B)CD40&#10;C)Fas ligand&#10;D)RANK&#10;E)Lymphotoxin

Accepted Answer

Fas ligand (FasL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family and binds Fas on T cells and other cell types
Fas-Fas ligand-dependent apoptosis of T cells is important for T cell homeostasis; deficiencies in Fas or FasL cause autoimmune disease.

Question 6

Matching&#10;The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins includes several soluble and membrane proteins that share structural homologies.&#10; All members of this family bind to members of the TNF-receptor family of molecules expressed on cell surfaces.&#10;TNF-R family members are structurally homologous to one another and utilize similar signal transduction pathways.&#10;For each description of a TNF or a TNF-R family member in questions , select the term listed in options A-E that best matches it.&#10;Expressed on many cells types, its cytoplasmic tail includes a death domain, binds TNF-receptor associated death domain (TRADD), and initiates a pro-apoptotic signaling cascade.&#10;A)TNF-RI&#10;B)CD40&#10;C)Fas ligand&#10;D)RANK&#10;E)Lymphotoxin

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-RI is one of two receptors for TNF-a expressed on a wide variety of cell types
TNF-RI, like Fas, is directly linked to apoptotic pathways because it contains a death domain in the cytoplasmic tail.

Question 7

For each of the following descriptions of a chemokine or chemokine receptor, select the chemokine or chemokine receptor (A-G) that most closely matches it.
Important mediator of inflammatory component of immediate hypersensitivity reactions

A)CXCL8 (IL-8)
B)CXCL10 (IP-10)
C)CCL19 (ELC)
D)CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E)CCR5
F)CXCR1
G)CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)

Accepted Answer

ELC (CCL19) and SLC are produced by stromal cells in the parafollicular zones of lymph nodes
Dendritic cells and T cells express the CCR7 receptor that binds these chemokines.

Question 8

For each of the descriptions of a biologic function in questions , select the T cell-derived cytokine (A-E) that matches it.
Stimulates expression of class II MHC on various cell types

A)Interferon-g
B)Interleukin (IL)-4
C)IL-5
D)Transforming growth factor-b
E)Lymphotoxin

Interferon-g

Accepted Answer

Interleukin (IL)-4 is secreted by helper T cells of the TH2 subset and promotes IgE production by B cells
IgE contributes to antigen-induced mast cell degranulation and immediate hypersensitivity reactions
Therefore, IL-4 production contributes to allergic disease.

Question 9

For each of the following descriptions of a chemokine or chemokine receptor, select the chemokine or chemokine receptor (A-G) that most closely matches it.
Important mediator of inflammatory component of immediate hypersensitivity reactions

A)CXCL8 (IL-8)
B)CXCL10 (IP-10)
C)CCL19 (ELC)
D)CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E)CCR5
F)CXCR1
G)CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)

Accepted Answer

Eotaxin (CCL11) is produced at sites of allergic inflammation and binds to CCR3 on eosinophils, thereby stimulating eosinophil migration into these sites.

Question 10

For each of the descriptions of a biologic function in questions , select the T cell-derived cytokine (A-E) that matches it.
Inhibits proliferation and differentiation of T cells and the activation of macrophages

A)Interferon-g
B)Interleukin (IL)-4
C)IL-5
D)Transforming growth factor-b
E)Lymphotoxin

Accepted Answer

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-b is produced by antigen-activated effector T cells and regulatory T cells
The principal function of TGF-b is inhibition of T cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as inhibition of macrophage activation
TGF-b is also an IgA isotype switch factor.

Question 11

For each of the descriptions of a biologic function in questions , select the T cell-derived cytokine (A-E) that matches it.
Stimulates expression of class II MHC on various cell types

A)Interferon-g
B)Interleukin (IL)-4
C)IL-5
D)Transforming growth factor-b
E)Lymphotoxin

Interferon-g

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the descriptions of a...

Question 12

For each of the following descriptions of a chemokine or chemokine receptor, select the chemokine or chemokine receptor (A-G) that most closely matches it.
Mediates neutrophil recruitment into tissues

A)CXCL8 (IL-8)
B)CXCL10 (IP-10)
C)CCL19 (ELC)
D)CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E)CCR5
F)CXCR1
G)CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the following descriptions of...

Question 13

For each of the following descriptions of a chemokine or chemokine receptor, select the chemokine or chemokine receptor (A-G) that most closely matches it.
Important mediator of inflammatory component of immediate hypersensitivity reactions

A)CXCL8 (IL-8)
B)CXCL10 (IP-10)
C)CCL19 (ELC)
D)CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E)CCR5
F)CXCR1
G)CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the following descriptions of...

Question 14

For each of the following descriptions of a chemokine or chemokine receptor, select the chemokine or chemokine receptor (A-G) that most closely matches it.
Binds chemokines important in T cell recruitment into peripheral inflammatory sites

A)CXCL8 (IL-8)
B)CXCL10 (IP-10)
C)CCL19 (ELC)
D)CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E)CCR5
F)CXCR1
G)CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the following descriptions of...

Deck 9: Cytokines